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INDIA, CIRCA 1770 Opaque pigments heightened with gold on paper, the enthroned Emperor seated with princes and courtiers in a pavilion, with 3ll. of black nasta'liq script above arranged in four columns, one line of text below, with wide cream margins, the reverse with further inscriptions Painting 6 ? x 5 3/8in. (16.8 x 13.8cm.); folio 14 x 9 ?in. (35.5 x 24cm.)
The composition of our painting is almost identical to a painting housed in the Victoria and Albert museum (inv.no. IM.81-1922), differing only in small details such as the ornamented canopy of our painting. This scene illustrates the royal hierarchy associated with the Mughal Emperor and his princes and courtiers in durbar. The nimbate Shah ‘Alam II and the royal chhatri each indicate the status of the ruler. The next tier are the princes, ministers and courtiers who surround him, and, finally, the visitors to the court are outside the pavilion. Only few depictions of Shah ‘Alam II exist from the early part of his reign (Losty and Roy, 2012, p.172) and he is more commonly portrayed as a blind, old man after he was blinded by the Rohilla chief, Ghulam Qadir, after the latter had captured Delhi in 1788.