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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第一天 > Lot 0263
A BRONZE HUMANOID FIGURE, GOA MADE, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA, 1ST MILLENNIUM BC-1ST MILLENNIUM AD
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04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天2小时
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A BRONZE HUMANOID FIGURE, GOA MADE, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA, 1ST MILLENNIUM BC-1ST MILLENNIUM ADPublished: 1. Claudio Giardino, Massimo Vidale, and Gian Luca Bonora (editors), Goa Made - An Archeological Discovery, Rome, 2012, p. 115, fig. 1, and p. 231, no. 185.2. Fiorella Rispoli, The curious case of the Gua Made green masks, World Archeology, 22 September 2010.Indonesia. Finely cast and modeled in the round with a hollow interior, the figure is rising in stacked, tapering registers to a rounded finial, with two compact faces bearing prominent eyebrows above downcast eyes set above a simplified, almost modernist nose and mouth. The body is abstracted into tiered, block-like segments, while the lower section broadens into a solid plinth. The surface shows a fine dark patina with areas of green encrustation, consistent with age and exposure. Provenance: From the collection of Paolo Bertuzzi. Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022) was a fashion stylist from Bologna, Italy, and the son of Enrichetta Bertuzzi, founder of Hettabretz, a noted Italian fashion company with customers such as the Rothschild family, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor. Paolo Bertuzzi later took over his mother's business and designed exclusive pieces, some of which were exhibited in the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum in New York, USA. He was also an avid collector of antiques for more than 60 years. His collection includes both archaic and contemporary art, and he edited two important books about Asian art, Goa Made - An Archaeological Discovery, about a large-scale archaeological project carried out with the Italian and Indonesian governments, and Majapahit, Masterpieces from a Forgotten Kingdom. Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Expected wear, signs of prolonged burial, encrustations, corrosion, few cracks, minor repairs. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with vibrant malachite encrustation.Weight: 2.4 kg Dimensions: Height 49.5 cmThe present artifact may reflect Hindu-Buddhist symbolism, possibly illustrating the Sad Chakra Beda, or six yogic energy centers in the body. The base may represent a chakra symbol leading to the fight level with dual human faces, while the sixth chakra is symbolized at the head as a central meeting point of two channels. These channels converge to allow prana (life force) to be released, enabling spiritual liberation before death, as is discussed in Claudio Giardino, Massimo Vidale, and Gian Luca Bonora (editors), Goa Made - An Archeological Discovery, Rome, 2012, p. 115.Goa (or Gua) Made (Made Cave) is a site north of the Brantas River in East Java. Its importance was first discovered by Anacleto Spazzapan, an Italian archeologist, designer, and collector of ethnographic and folk art who frequently traveled to Indonesia. He was first introduced to the site in 1999. He brought back several sample fragments of fired clay, which he sent to Arcadia labs in Milan for thermoluminescence testing. The first official excavations were subsequently conducted in an underground temple by the Bureau for the Archaeological Conservation of East Java (BACEJ) in 2001 and 2006, the latter funded by Paolo Bertuzzi (the last owner of the present lot), who had developed a profound interest in the site. Finds included imported glazed pottery, Chinese copper or bronze coins, and highly distinct bronze heads such as the present lot. Thermoluminescence analysis of terracotta bricks found in the excavations indicated a date in the early 1st millennium BC. This would not only suggest the discovery of a lost civilization but also challenge widely held notions of Southeast Asian history. The earliest uncontested architectural remains in East Java are two temples dating from the 8th - 9th century AD.In 2007, a joint Italian-Indonesian archaeological team undertook more extensive excavations at Goa Made, bringing to light a previously unrecognized shaft and a complex subterranean architectural system. The integrated layout of the structure suggests deliberate planning and coordinated construction, implying organized communal participation in both its creation and use. In the years that followed, differing interpretations of the site's chronology and function emerged among scholars associated with the project. In 2010, Andreas M. Steiner and Massimo Vidale, writing in the Italian journal Archeo, expressed support for an early first-millennium BC date based on the available evidence. In the same year, however, Fiorella Rispoli, in an article for World Archaeology, questioned the reliability of certain thermoluminescence results and proposed instead a post-10th-century AD dating for the bronze heads. She further suggested that the subterranean complex may have functioned as a water-management system, though this interpretation does not fully account for the presence of the bronze heads, which appear to relate to established East Javanese religious traditions. The debate remains unresolved. While some scholars have been persuaded by the early dating proposed by Steiner and Vidale, others remain cautious, noting methodological uncertainties and the need for further controlled excavation and scientific testing before a definitive chronology can be established.

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