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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第一天 > Lot 0196
A BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA, MON-DVARAVATI, 8TH-10TH CENTURY
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04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天1小时
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A BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA, MON-DVARAVATI, 8TH-10TH CENTURYExpert's note:Certain areas of the face reveal exceptionally refined modeling, particularly in the delicately articulated eyelids and brows, as well as along the crisp edges of the uttarasanga. These features reflect the precision achievable through the lost-wax casting technique, in which details were first carefully formed in wax before casting in bronze.Such technical refinement is consistent with high-quality Mon Dvaravati bronzes of the period, which are known for their controlled lost-wax production, balanced proportions, and restrained yet confident surface modeling. It is nevertheless uncommon to find an example in which at least some of these subtle details have survived in such a well-preserved state.Thailand. Superbly cast, striding with the left leg slightly raised, his right hand held in vitarka mudra and his left gracefully extended alongside his body, wearing a diaphanous uttarasanga elegantly draped over the left shoulder in overlapping pleats and flaring downward in a gently undulating hemline. The serene face with downcast eyes below gently arched brows, flanked by elongated earlobes, the hair arranged in tight snail-shell curls over the ushnisha topped by a lotus-bud finial.Provenance: From the private collection of Darwin Freeman, collected between 1968 and 1971, and thence by descent within the same family. Born 1946 in Idaho, United States, Darwin Freeman was a member of the armed forces and later became an avid collector. He met his wife in the mid-1960s, and the pair later relocated to her hometown of Innsbruck, Austria. In 1967, Freeman was drafted into the US Army and served in Germany and Thailand. While he was stationed at the Embassy in Bangkok, between 1969 and 1971, he actively began engaging in the exploration and collection of ancient bronzes and other works of art. Upon completing his duty, Freeman arranged for his collection to be shipped to Austria, where it remained in storage until this day. Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Wear, casting irregularities, scattered nicks and scratches, minor losses, weathering and areas of corrosion, with the possibility of small old repairs. Examination under strong UV light reveals no detectable restorations; however, owing to the depth and compact nature of the surface, minor interventions may remain concealed. The bronze displays a rich, naturally developed patina with vibrant malachite and cuprite encrustations. Weight: 3.8 kg (excl. stand), 6.3 kg (incl. stand) Dimensions: Height 50.5 cm (excl. stand), 61.7 cm (incl. stand)With an associated lacquered metal stand. (2)The fertile valleys of Thailand near the base of the River Chao Phraya produced not only great agricultural resources, but also some of the region's most graceful and pristine works of art. Within the local context of the dominant Theravada school of Buddhism, which emphasized the singularity of the Buddha Shakyamuni, bronze sculptures from this area demonstrate a remarkably cohesive style that is highly particular to the region and the period. As unifying features, the Buddha is clad in the humble dress of a religious renunciant, with the thin garment clinging closely to the body to reveal the delicate proportions and graceful contour that lies beneath. His face is characterized by high cheekbones, full lips, prominent eyes, and curved brows that form a V-shape at the bridge of the nose. His hair is arranged in thick spiral-curls that rise over the ushnisha, the Buddha's sacred cranial protuberance.The hands may be poised in a number of possible arrangements; here the left reaches down in varadamudra, the gesture of bestowing blessings, and the right is raised with the forefinger and thumb joined in vitarkamudra, the gesture of explication. Hands are proportionally emphasized with respect to the body, as if to show that the Buddha is in fact engaged in the activities of giving blessings or transmitting teachings, though his ethereal appearance might suggest his only task is meditation. The delicate curl of the fingers, here most visible in the right hand, gently resembles the characteristic “plucking gesture” of the renowned bronzes from the Prakhon Chai area (see an example sold at Christie's New York, 17 March 2015, lot 1067), which flourished at the same time as the Dvaravati kingdom in the riverine valleys.Further emphasizing the presence of the Buddha in the world of the devotee, the figure is depicted as if in motion, stepping with the left foot forward while the hem of the robe gently sways to the side in response. This stance, which draws upon the classic tribhanga posture of Indian sculpture, also presages the famous “Walking Buddhas” of Thailand that would grow prominent many centuries later. The bronze caster has captured the youthful appearance of a Buddha that gives spiritual themes imported from India a unique and highly refined local expressivity.Literature comparison: Compare a related silver alloy figure of Buddha preaching, Central or northeastern Thailand, 8th-early 9th century, 39.4 cm high, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 1993.387.6. Compare a related bronze figure of Buddha, dated to the Mon period, 8th century, 52 cm high, formerly in the collection of James and Marilynn Alsdorf and now in the Art Institute of Chicago, reference number 2016.433.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Christie's New York, 17 March 2015, lot 29Price: USD 269,000 or approx. EUR 308,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A bronze figure of Buddha, Thailand, 8th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting with similar diaphanous garments, hand gestures, and facial expression. Note the size (36.1 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Bonhams New York, 11 September 2012, lot 5Price: USD 674,500 or approx. EUR 795,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: The Eilenberg Buddha, Thailand, Mon Dvaravati period, circa 8th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting. Note the similar size (48.3 cm).

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