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A SILVERED COPPER ALLOY FIGURE OF THE ENTHRONED BUDDHA, MON-DVARAVATI, THAILAND, 8TH-9TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天2小时
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A SILVERED COPPER ALLOY FIGURE OF THE ENTHRONED BUDDHA, MON-DVARAVATI, THAILAND, 8TH-9TH CENTURYFinely cast seated in bhadrasana atop a cushioned pedestal decorated with a sawtooth rim, his extended feet parted and arms bent, wearing a diaphanous sanghati gracefully draped over his left shoulder and pooling between the legs in voluminous folds. His serene face with heavy-lidded eyes, thick arched brows, and full lips, flanked by ears with pendulous lobes. The hair arranged in large snail-shell curls over the gently domed ushnisha.Provenance: Property from the Nitta Group Collection, acquired by Nitta Muneichi in the 1950s-1960s. Nitta Muneichi (1912-2006) was born in Taipei as Peng Kai-dong. He left Taipei for Japan as an adolescent and later took on a Japanese name. He became a highly successful businessman with a company covering a wide range of different industries. After the Second World War, he opened an antique shop on Ginza in Tokyo and in 1950 he began collecting Buddhist bronzes, which eventually became his main collecting interest. An exhibition of his collection, titled The Crucible of Compassion and Wisdom, was held at the National Palace Museum, Taipei in 1987. In 2003 he donated 358 Buddhist bronzes from East, Southeast, and South Asia to the National Palace Museum, which exhibited them in 2004, in The Casting of Religion. A Special Exhibition of Mr. Peng Kai-dong's Donation. A further donation of forty-eight pieces was made after his death. A superb Dali gilt-bronze seated figure of Acuoye Guanyin formerly in the Nitta collection was sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 8 October 2022, lot 10, for a record price of HKD 48,775,000 or approx. EUR 5,656,000.Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, obvious losses, pitting, fissures, scattered nicks and minor scratches, signs of burial, encrustations. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, lustrous patina. Weight: 906 g (excl. stand), 1,391 g (incl. stand) Dimensions: Height 18.5 cm (excl. stand), 19 cm (incl. stand)With a fitted metal stand. (2)Images of seated Buddhas with legs pendent, known as bhadrasana, were frequently found all over Southeast Asia during the 1st millennium AD, displaying a number of different hand gestures, chiefly variations of vitarka and dharmachakra mudras, with the latter being much more common in mainland Southeast Asia. The earliest Southeast Asian image of this kind is a sandstone Buddha, dated circa late 7th century, from Son Tho, southern Vietnam, and now in the Museum of History, Ho Chi Minh City, inventory number BTLS 5517 (fig. 1).The bhadrasana posture itself has its origins in Indian Buddhist sculpture, notably in the rock cut cave traditions of the western Deccan, including Ellora (see a carving of Buddha at Ellora Cave No. 12, fig. 2) and related sites such as Ajanta, where monumental Buddhas seated with pendent legs appear in preaching contexts and are most often associated with the dharmachakra mudra. Numerous examples in India show Buddhas in bhadrasana representing key moments in the life of Shakyamuni, prominently the preaching of the First Sermon at Sarnath. Yet the early Dvaravati examples from Thailand frequently display the vitarka mudra rather than dharmachakra, suggesting that their immediate inspiration may not have derived directly from these western Indian cave prototypes.Instead, the transmission may have been mediated through East Asia, where the bhadrasana image became strongly associated with the Future Buddha Maitreya enthroned in Tushita Heaven. In China, and later in Korea and Japan, such images inspired widespread devotional cults centered on hope for Maitreya's descent, at times fueling millenarian religious movements and even rebellions. When the type entered mainland Southeast Asia, however, the identification with Maitreya appears to have receded. In Thailand the bhadrasana Buddha was reinterpreted within a Theravada framework, often linked to episodes from the historical Buddha's life and invested with pronounced royal symbolism. The frontal, hieratic posture, with legs pendent as if enthroned, resonated with indigenous concepts of kingship and divine authority, making the image particularly suitable for monumental display in early Dvaravati centers (see a colossal seated Buddha, a composite of two Dvaravati sculptures from Wat Phya Kong and Wat Pra Men Nakorn Patho, now in the National Museum, Bangkok, fig. 3) and ensuring its lasting prestige in Thai Buddhist visual culture.Expert's note: Nitta Muneichi was evidently fond of 'Bhadrasana Buddhas' such as the present bronze. One of the most famous sculptures in his collection, a Sui-Tang gilt-bronze figure known as the 'Nitta Maitreya', initially sold at Christie's Hong Kong, 26 April 1998, lot 60, was offered by Christie's Hong Kong in a single-lot sale on 30 May 2018, bought-in at an estimate of HKD 40,000,000 or approx. EUR 4,981,000 (converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing).Literature comparison:Compare a closely related larger Thai bronze figure of a seated Buddha, dated c. 8th century, 36.5 cm high, in the Walters Art Museum, accession number 54.2878. Compare a closely related larger gilt-copper figure of the enthroned Buddha preaching, Myanmar or Thailand, dated 8th-9th century, in the Cleveland Museum of Art, accession number 1989.49.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's Paris, 11 June 2019, lot 53 Mid-Estimate: EUR 50,000 or approx. EUR 58,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : Rare statuette de Bouddha assise en bronze, Thailande, style de Dvaravati, ca. IXe-Xe siècle Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject and modeling. Note the larger size (30 cm).

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