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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 第一天——精美的亚洲艺术、佛教与印度教 > Lot 0218
A VERY LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF SHIVA TRIPURAVIJAYA, DESTROYER OF THE THREE CITIES, VIJAYANAGARA
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2025年10月16日 开拍
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A VERY LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF SHIVA TRIPURAVIJAYA, DESTROYER OF THE THREE CITIES, VIJAYANAGARA PERIOD (1336-1646)South India, circa 16th to mid-17th century. Standing triumphantly with one foot on the back of the prostrate dwarf demon Mushalagan, who holds a serpent in one hand, raised on a circular pedestal, the body held in a graceful tribhanga pose, his raised secondary hands holding a goad and the diminutive antelope, clad in a short dhoti and adorned with various jewelry, the face held in a confident gaze surmounted by the tall jatamukuta, supporting various jewels, flowers, snakes, and a crescent moon.Provenance: An old private estate in Germany. The private collection of an Indian physicist and collector of Indian works of art based in France, acquired from the above via the local trade. Condition: Good condition with expected ancient wear and numerous casting irregularities, traces of weathering, encrustations, areas of corrosion with associated minor losses and old fills, few small nicks and dents, light surface scratches. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, warm patina with scattered small areas of verdigris.Weight: 28.1 kgDimensions: Height 83 cmThis tall and slender, yet grounded bronze of Shiva would have held the bow and arrow in his front hands; these were routinely cast separately and placed in Shiva's hands, and are generally missing today in all but a few images still in worship in temples. Shiva stands gracefully poised, resting his weight on his right foot, while his left leg is lightly bent at the knee and placed on the back of the dwarf demon Mushalagan, who holds a serpent in one hand and looks out helplessly at the viewer. In an unusual strategy, the artist placed a pedestal below Shiva's right foot so that the image would look appropriately balanced. Shiva's jatas or dreadlocks are piled elegantly upon his head, with the crescent moon and the trumpet-flower adorning one side, while a fully-open blossom crowns the upswept locks. As is the norm, a diadem frames his face, and he wears a ring in one ear only, an eccentricity associated with this deity. A short dhoti is held in place by a series of belts with a large central lion-head clasp and, as is customary, he is adorned with rich jewelry. A ninth-century Tamil poem, titled Tirukayilaya Ula, or Procession of the Lord of Kailasa (meaning Shiva), tells us of the many items of jewelry that Uma places on Shiva prior to his emergence in procession, and makes it clear that adornment was an essential element of dress.In their endless struggle with the gods, the titans once built three invincible cities (tripura) of gold, silver, and iron in the sky, in midair, and on earth, respectively. The only way for the gods to defeat their foes was to pierce all three cities at once. The task fell to Shiva, the supreme archer, who rose to the occasion and subdued the titans. Thereafter he came to be known as Tripurantaka, or Destroyer of Three Cities.By the eighth century, the myth had caught the imagination of the artists in the Deccan, who carved some of the most dramatic representations of it (see Kramrisch 19812, 47, cat. 40; and 1981b, 405-21, for further discussion and references). Their successors in the Chola and Vijayanagar realm preferred a more iconic and synoptic depiction, of which this is a fine example. Modeled always in the round, such sculptures are used in religious processions.Expert's note: Images with this iconography have been variously identified as Vinadhara (Player of the Vina) or as Tripuravijaya (Destroyer of the Three Cities), since the attributes once held in the primary hands—originally fashioned separately and later inserted—are now missing. In his form as Vinadhara Dakshinamurti, Shiva demonstrates his yogic mastery, for in the Indian classical tradition, perfection in vocal and instrumental music is inseparable from control of breath and, ultimately, of the mind. As Tripuravijaya—a form that rose to prominence during the late Chola period—Shiva embodies supreme power, reducing with a single flaming arrow the three cities of demons to ashes. Most importantly, whether revealed as yogi or warrior, Shiva reminds his devotees of his omniscience.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's New York, 15 March 2017, lot 257Price: USD 125,000 or approx. EUR 143,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A bronze figure of Shiva, South India, Vijayanagar period, 14th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting with similar pose and adornments. Note the earlier dating.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2014, lot 1626Price: USD 425,000 or approx. EUR 501,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A large and important bronze figure of the dancing Krishna, South India, Vijayanagar period, 16th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling manner of casting with similar pose and adornments. Note the slightly smaller size (68.5 cm) and the different subject.

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