銅雕
版數：9/30
Bronze sculpture Edition: 9/30 一九八九年作 Executed in 1989 34 × 29 × 16 cm. 13 3/8 × 11 3/8 × 6 1/4 in. 款識
朱銘 9/30（右側底部）
出版
1990年，《朱銘十二生肖》，敦煌藝術有限公司，台北 Signed in Chinese and numbered on the bottom of right side
LITERATURE
1990, The Sculpture of The Twelve Animals by Ju Ming, Caves Art Center, Taipei 來源
台北敦煌畫廊
現亞洲重要私人藏家直接購自上述來源
神氣如生，淬煉雕塑之魂
朱銘生生不息的雕塑美學
被譽為「中國現代雕塑之父」、「世界美學巨擘」的華人藝術大師朱銘，在其八十五載的人生修行中，以東方精神融入雕塑形態，將自然之材與心手合一，直通神髓之美，創造出無數「化形入意」、「神氣如生」的作品，為世人呈現「銘藝刻心」的藝術豐碑。
「種活藝術的種子」是朱銘一生貫徹的質樸宣言。他將其美學比喻為一棵樹的成長，為後人帶來無盡的精神財富和心靈感動。從70年代的「鄉土系列」起，便以自身的經歷和對「萬物有靈」的感知，開拓雕塑面貌，繼而在80年代再由學太極的經歷，發展出令他揚名立萬的「太極系列」，並走向國際舞台，更在其後刀耕不輟，達至「人間系列」的大成。從1976年在國立歷史博物館舉辦首次個展大獲成功後，他在80年代先後於台北國立歷史博物館、東京中央美術館、紐約漢查森藝廊（Max Hutchinson Gallery）等地舉辦個展，1997年更成為首位在法國凡登廣場發表大型個展的華人藝術家，見證其藝之巔。而在千禧年後，他兩度於北京中國美術館、香港藝術館發表大展，橫跨歐、亞的豐富展歷，展現一代藝術大師永不懈怠的努力與對藝術的堅守。
而正如朱銘所言：「我的藝術生涯如同一棵樹的成長，鄉土是它的根，太極系列是它的枝幹。」是次拍賣，我們將回到朱銘的藝術之源，呈現其視為藝術生涯之根——「鄉土系列」的三件佳作：以「貴賓犬」為原型的《狗》（拍品編號34）、經典「十二生肖系列」的《馬》（拍品編號30）、「神話系列」的《張飛》（拍品編號31），以及廣受國際認可、其藝術美學的重要枝幹——「太極系列」中的珍稀木雕《踢腿》（拍品編號33），與最受藏家青睞的精品《單鞭下勢》（拍品編號32），一展他「動人心弦的美學力量」。
馬到成功，豐神俊朗
「胡馬大宛名，鋒棱瘦骨成。竹批雙耳峻，風入四蹄輕。所向無空闊，真堪託死生。驍騰有如此，萬里可橫行。」
——唐代詩人杜甫《房兵曹胡馬詩》
朱銘於70、80年代憑藉「鄉土系列」揚名藝壇，其後更在寫實的基礎上走向寫意、寫神，創造了十二生肖系列作為延續。是次亮相的《十二生肖——馬》，以簡潔利落的刀法，展現一匹豐神俊朗、神氣飛揚的寶馬。在十二生肖中，馬有「日行千里」、「馬到成功」的美譽，亦是古代建功立業的大功臣。朱銘在此取以簡馭繁的刀工，以微微起伏的塊狀體積面，削刻出馬匹皮毛光澤、身軀矯健、四肢修長有力的模樣，呈現大繁至簡的理念。此外他特意點出馬兒明亮而充滿智慧的眼睛，以駐足回首的凝望姿態，展現其辨別方向，繼而引領開路的動人神態。將馬駒「優雅靈活」的身形、「堅毅敏銳」的性格淋漓畢現。
犬護福宅，富貴興旺
而除「十二生肖」系列外，朱銘亦曾在1982至1986年間，特以貴賓犬的形象，創作了數量極為稀少、僅共有6版的《狗》，是次上拍之作即為其一，珍稀難覓。不同於「十二生肖」系列中趴臥休眠的小狗形象，此件《狗》刻畫了小犬神氣高昂，機警靈敏的樣貌。俗話說，「狗來富」，貴賓犬，本就如其名般，命帶富與貴，深受法國王室和歷代藝術家青睞，如在17世紀牠頻繁出現於洛可可畫家福拉歌那（Jean-Honoré Fragonard）筆下，而在當代，哥倫比亞藝術家博特羅（Fernando Botero）和美國藝術家昆斯（Jeff Koons）亦曾以貴賓犬的形象創作油畫、雕塑。貴賓犬不僅性格活潑，智商很高，還具「大富大貴」的美好寓意，猶如貴人相助。
朱銘《狗》一作中的貴賓犬開朗可愛，見其雙耳微張，扭頭回望，身姿矯健，短尾高翹，展現出聰明伶俐的自信風範，儼然是智慧的化身。為呈現其毛茸茸的可愛形象，朱銘並未採用粗放的大塊面削刻，而是以凹凸的精密鑿刻，創造毛絮般的肌理，高度還原憨態可掬的泰迪造型。其形態優雅而不造作，面貌標緻而不自恃，毛髮梳理得整整齊齊，身體線條優美高貴，四肢健壯，蓬鬆的小尾巴如若交響樂大師的指揮棒，揮舞出輕柔的旋律，總能在不經意間扣人心弦。作品生動地展現貴賓「精、氣、神」飽滿的特點，以一隻神采奕奕、佑護福宅的小犬，帶給觀眾十足歡欣。
聲若巨雷，勢如破竹
「張飛」舉世無雙的英勇氣魄
「雕刻的神像和歷史人物，追求使神明顯赫，朱銘透過作品刻畫出其超乎個人和時空的宇宙力量。」
——張頌仁
《張飛》為朱銘早期「鄉土系列」中神話主題的代表。朱銘早年以廟宇雕刻出身，民間藝術擴展了他的創作題材，在鄉土系列中，他亦發展出此一分支，通過結合神話傳說、歷史典故，以充滿文化生命力和神韻的刀法展現備受世人景仰的武神、僧佛等形象。此件《張飛》即為精彩表述，所用木材乃珍貴的台灣紅檜木，常用於高檔家具、船艦、建築等，朱銘特選此材質鑿刻，足見對此作的重視。
張飛在民間戲劇中以「驍勇善戰」、「忠肝義膽」的形象深入人心，作品中只見主角以經典的「豹頭環眼，燕頷虎鬚」形象示人。其髮鬍怒張，如猛虎下山；吊睛揚眉，如靈豹出沒；張口咆哮，似河東獅吼，極為傳神地展現他「一夫當關，萬夫莫開」的剛猛。而作品也出神入化地展現了《三國志》中所載張飛果斷「据水斷橋，嗔目橫矛」的精彩畫面。為抗擊曹操軍隊保護主上劉備，張飛在長坂坡一地過河時，當機立斷地拆毀橋樑，並橫矛對敵軍瞠目大吼：「身是張益德也，可來共決死！」此等忠肝義膽的氣魄，令人可敬可嘆。此作造型正捕捉了這鐵骨錚錚的一瞬。只見張飛身著戰袍，手持長槊，僅一腳著地，飛撲而來，長矛和站姿形成一橫一豎的精妙結構，其身影則如風一般迴旋，帶出奔踏殺敵的動勢，木紋隨著人物飛躍的身形而流動，將氣與力皆凝聚在橫空出招的一瞬。作品充分展現了朱銘高超的造型功力、對木質材料削刻的絕倫把握，和對歷史人物的深入理解，為觀者還原了一代武將不僅「膽識過人」，更「能謀善斷」的威風神采。
靈韻軒昂：名揚四海的太極系列
1968年，30歲的朱銘進入台灣雕塑名家楊英風工作室學習，在長達7年的拜師求藝過程中，除收獲更為多樣的雕塑技法，更重要的是完成了自身在精神上與藝術天人合一的修行。「技巧練到熟練，技巧就漸漸不見了，這是自然的動作，也是靈性的境界。」在楊英風鼓勵下，朱銘開始練習太極拳以強健體魄，進而對中國傳統拳法有了全面的認知，逐步將太極「以意導氣、以氣催形」的精義轉化為創作表達，於七○年代後期開創出透發中國傳統儒、道哲學渾厚底蘊的「太極系列」。自1976年首次於台北歷史博物館展出後，「太極系列」引起國際熱烈迴響，並在此後三十年的不斷變化與追求完善的過程中，成為中國現代雕塑界最具代表的經典，也讓朱銘名揚四海，成為以雕塑晉升國際藝壇的華人大師第一人。
氣貫一體，神髓唯一
太極《踢腿》的勁健與雄渾
「朱銘刀痕之美和水墨畫的筆跡是同出一轍的。」
——日本水墨畫家內山雨海
傳統中國畫家與書法家，常在創作中追求「一劃」的境界，所謂一劃，並非是指一筆成畫，而是「氣息貫通」之意，自心至手，從手到筆，再落入紙上，如演奏樂曲般綿綿不絕。對朱銘而言，雕刻太極便如書藝，每一道刀削斧鑿的氣力，都是連通心手而落，電光石火間的快刀，更將一種潛在的能量、速度感，傾瀉而出。
作為朱銘眼中「人與自然結合」的至高形式——木刻太極，即是他展現「一劃」之境的最佳途徑，可謂朱銘最精湛的雕塑品類，更具有獨一性的藝術價值。此件《踢腿》便為出色一例。為呈現太極最佳的視覺效果，朱銘選用整塊木材進行雕刻，以張力十足的刀功打造踢腿時通身上下凝力於一瞬的勁健與雄渾。由太極中「蹬腳」一式衍化而來，作品中的武者以足蹬地，右腿上踢至平舉，左腿略為蹲屈，身軀隨之自然傾斜，雙手並一高一低跟隨呼應，層次分明、起伏有度，從頭部、雙臂、核心至下盤，皆以極為方正的削刻呈現，如同一氣呵成的書法筆墨，一橫一豎、一提一點，都極為凝練精準，深具和諧大氣之美。
而更精彩的，在於將太極中「氣」的流動，與木紋天然的絲狀肌理互為表裡，深化太極精神。如見人物上揚的左臂、旋踢的右腿、深扎的左腿，皆在表面有著清晰可見的水平木紋。而順應這自然存在的木紋肌理，朱銘進一步作出絲狀的削刻，以有形的刀痕帶出無形的氣韻，將「氣」的脈動與太極勁健的「動勢」結合，以此承載著與自然、生命的對話。藉由木紋的流動，將一種速度感和直覺性注入其中，牽引著觀者的視線，自右向左、自下至上地律動著，於厚實中散發一股颯爽之感，更將潛藏於木材中的生命力提點釋放。透過身、法、步的平衡，形、氣、神的綜合，作品以多向的三維視角展現瞬時的爆發力和生生不息的強大格局，將這一集動勢、能量、造型、形質於一體的太極完美再現，自「有限」創造「無限」。
太極天人合一的至高表現
單鞭下勢的縱橫捭闔
「朱銘塑造的太極形象被賦予生命感，運動被戲劇性地停止，作品似乎根源於中國文化卻又全然出於自發。在這些打動人心的形象裡，朱銘為中國現代雕塑賦予了靈魂。」
——著名英國藝術史學家蘇利文（Michael Sullivan）
在朱銘眾多「太極系列」的創作中，「單鞭下勢」可說是將太極的「形」與「神」、「勁」與「勢」高度凝聚，闡述天人合一思想的巔峰之創。多年來，不同版本的《單鞭下勢》曾於英國約克夏雕塑公園、日本箱根雕刻之森美術館、巴黎凡登廣場、香港中環交易廣場等地或展出或由公家機構收藏，是朱銘雕塑中最負盛名，亦是市場中最受追捧的形製。
在太極中，「單鞭下勢」是拳法中反復出現的招式，即可為攻打，亦可作於呼吸調整。它由太極兩個單式動作「單鞭」與「下勢」組成。所謂「單鞭」者，即後臂如鞭桿拉直成一線，前臂如抽鞭般掄直後橫向劈出，如長蛇之尾，雖為單一之鞭，卻可擊尾首應，擊頭尾應，縱橫東西。「下勢」則以一腿劈叉、一腿蹲立的造型，或為起勢或為收勢，構成拳法之閉環。《太極系列——單鞭下勢》正由此太極拳的拳法要義發想，進行現代化的藝術演繹，在保留招式特點的同時，更創造出一種如泰斗般從容不迫的自信生命力。
觀其整體，端方大氣，周正挺括，塊面切割具行雲流水之妙，有著凝縮天地之氣、不動如山的磅礴之勢。而其精髓在於人物之雙臂一沉一揚，同步外展呈一直線，一張一弛，如太極之陰陽，相生相連、構成循環不息之態。雙腿亦隨雙臂蹲展，面向同一方位，身體則保持正直，氣沉丹田，若自背面觀之，更有如一「方」字形結構，呈現上下一體的張力。而作品並兼動靜之妙，進可攻退可守，身姿沉潛，既是抱元守一之穩，又是蓄勢待發之勁，暢達心神，而四海皆可為我所驅，呈現既內斂又外放的特殊魅力。朱銘以心、意、神之「內定」，寫形、體、勢的「外定」，穩如泰斗，不疾不徐中，蘊藏著巨大的能量，以此回歸中華文化中生生不息的永恆生命力，建立著氣韻盎然的東方大家風範。此作形製精巧，張力十足，堪比大器之勢。置於室內案台，可觀乎太極氣韻的美學內蘊，屬朱銘巔峰手筆，具極高的收藏價值。 PROVENANCE
Caves Gallery, Taipei
Acquired directly by present important private Asian collector from the above
Vitality Incarnate: The Tempered Soul of Sculpture
Ju Ming’s Enduring Sculptural Aesthetics
"My journey in art parallels the growth of a tree, with my roots firmly embedded in native soil and the Tai Chi series extending as branches," remarked Ju Ming. In the upcoming sale, we revisit the genesis of Ju Ming’s artistic prowess, showcasing three exceptional pieces from what he regards as the foundation of his career - the Nativism Series: Dog (lot34), inspired by the poodle breed; Twelve Chinese Zodiac – Horse (lot30), a timeless classic from the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Series; and Zhang Fei (lot31) from the Mythological Series. Additionally, we unveil a rare wood carving from his esteemed Taichi Series titled Taichi Series – Kick (lot33), alongside the coveted masterpiece Taichi Series – Single Whip (lot32), both epitomizing Ju Ming’s ability to evoke profound aesthetic resonance.
Triumphant Arrival of the Horse: Prosperous and Majestic
In the 1970s and 1980s, Ju Ming ascended to artistic eminence with his Nativism Series, subsequently transitioning from realism to a realm of expressive and spiritual artistry, culminating in the creation of the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Series. The showcased Twelve Chinese Zodiac – Horse embodies the essence of grace and power with its sleek contours and majestic presence, a symbol of swiftness and triumph in Chinese culture. Through masterful strokes, Ju Ming captures the horse’s glossy coat, robust physique, and sinewy limbs, imbuing the sculpture with a sense of dynamism and vitality. The luminous gaze of the horse, cast in a moment of determined retrospection, reflects "leadership and resilience", encapsulating the quintessence of "elegance and fortitude".
Guardian of Prosperity, the Dog: Auspicious and Flourishing
In addition to his renowned Twelve Chinese Zodiac Series, Ju Ming ventured into portraying poodles between 1982 and 1986. Employing the graceful figure of a poodle, he crafted a remarkably rare series of only six editions titled Dog. The piece being auctioned is one of these exclusive editions, embodying rarity and elusiveness. Diverging from the tranquil imagery of sleeping puppies in his Twelve Chinese Zodiac series, his masterpiece Dog captures the vibrant spirit of these canines through an animated poodle. The adage "Dogs bring wealth" finds resonance as poodles, true to their name, are emblematic of affluence and sophistication. With a rich history dating back to the esteemed French royal court of the 17th century, poodles have remained a perennial muse for artists throughout the ages. Even in contemporary art, Colombian artist Fernando Botero and American artist Jeff Koons have also created oil paintings and sculptures featuring the image of a poodle. Poodles possess not only lively personalities and high intelligence but also embody the auspicious symbolism of "great wealth and nobility", akin to the assistance of noble figures.
In Ju Ming’s masterful rendition of Dog, the poodle exudes charm and amiability, its ears alert, head turned back with a confident gaze, and its short tail held high in a gesture of poise. A palpable aura of intelligence and wisdom emanates from the portrayal. To capture the poodle’s endearing fluffiness, Ju Ming eschewed broad, hasty strokes in favour of meticulous, intricate carving techniques, resulting in a lifelike fur-like texture that faithfully captures the essence of this toy poodle-like creature. The artwork pulsates with the vitality of the poodle, symbolizing blessings and prosperity for its beholders, evoking a sense of nobility and boundless joy.
Roaring Thunder: Unyielding Force
The Unrivaled Valour of Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei stands as an iconic representation from Ju Ming’s early Nativism series, embodying the mythological ethos of ancient legends. Carved from the rarefied Taiwanese red cypress, commonly employed in high-end furniture, ships, and buildings - chosen for its enduring qualities, the sculpture exemplifies Ju Ming’s reverence for the material.
In folk theater, Zhang Fei’s portrayal as "brave and skilled in battle", embodying "loyalty and righteous gallantry", has deeply resonated with audiences. This artwork vividly presents the protagonist with the classic features of "leopard-head, ring-eyed, swallow-chinned, and tiger-bearded". His untamed hair and beard evoke the image of a fierce tiger descending from the mountains, while his piercing gaze mirrors the cunning of a prowling leopard. With a roaring mouth akin to a lion’s mighty roar, Zhang Fei’s portrayal exudes strength as "one man guarding the pass, ten thousand unable to pass". The piece masterfully captures the pivotal scene described in Records of the Three Kingdoms, where Zhang Fei decisively "seizes the bridge and brandishes his spear with an angry glare". In a bid to protect his lord Liu Bei from Cao Cao’s advancing army, Zhang Fei, crossing the river at Changbanpo, swiftly demolishes the bridge and confronts the enemy with a resounding shout, declaring, "I am Zhang Yide; come and face me to the death!" Such unwavering courage and loyalty are both admirable and commendable, encapsulating the indomitable spirit of the moment. In this portrayal, Zhang Fei is depicted in battle attire, wielding a long spear, his figure lunging forward with a single foot grounded. The composition delicately balances horizontal and vertical lines, while his dynamic form whirls like the wind, conveying the momentum of his charge and the ferocity of his attacks. The wood grain flows with the character’s movement, capturing the essence of energy and strength condensed in the striking moment. Through this artwork, Ju Ming’s exceptional mastery of form, remarkable wood carving skills, and profound understanding of historical figures are brought to life. It offers viewers a vivid portrayal of a generation of military leaders renowned not only for their "exceptional courage" but also for their "adeptness in strategic decision-making".
Harmony of Qi, Essence of Spirit
The Vigour and Grandeur of Taichi’s Kick
"Ju Ming’s artistry in knife marks mirrors the fluidity of ink brushstrokes."
——Ukai Uchiyama, Japanese ink painter
In traditional Chinese artistry, the pursuit of the "one stroke" transcends mere brushwork——it embodies "a seamless flow of energy". For Ju Ming, the pinnacle of this concept finds expression in woodblock Taichi, where "man and nature converge". These sculptures represent Ju Ming’s most refined works, bearing unique artistic significance. Among them, Kick stands as a shining exemplar.
To capture the essence of Taichi, Ju Ming masterfully carves from single blocks of wood, employing dynamic knife techniques to convey the split-second intensity of a kick. Derived from the Taichi movement "Kicking", this sculpture portrays a warrior in motion: one leg propels upward, the other slightly bent, while the body inclines naturally. Every detail——from the raised arms to the flexed muscles——is meticulously chiseled, akin to calligraphic strokes embodying precision and fluidity.
What adds further brilliance to Kick is its seamless integration of the flowing "Qi" of Taichi with the organic, silk-like texture of the wood grain, thus enriching the essence of Taichi philosophy. For instance, the uplifted left arm, the spinning motion of the right leg, and the grounded stance of the left leg each reveal distinct horizontal wood grains on the surface. Adhering to these natural textures, Ju Ming employs intricate carving techniques to evoke the subtle essence of "Qi", seamlessly merging the rhythmic pulsations of energy with the "dynamic movements" of Taichi. Through this meticulous craftsmanship, the artwork engages in a profound dialogue with nature and life itself.
The Pinnacle of Taichi’s Harmony between Heaven and Humanity
The Graceful Interplay of Movements in the Single Whip
Among Ju Ming’s extensive Taichi series creations, Single Whip stands out as the quintessence of Taichi philosophy, blending "form", "spirit", "energy", and "momentum" to depict the pinnacle of the concept of unity between heaven and humanity. Over the years, different renditions of Single Whip have been showcased or acquired by public institutions in prestigious venues worldwide, including the Yorkshire Sculpture Park in England, the Hakone Open-Air Museum in Japan, Place Vend?me in Paris, and Exchange Square in Central Hong Kong. It holds a distinguished status in Ju Ming’s body of work and remains highly coveted in the art market.
The Taichi Series – Single Whip sculpture exudes an air of grandeur and composure, characterized by its dignified and well-proportioned appearance. Its surface carving flows gracefully like drifting clouds and water, embodying the majestic force of nature, solid and unyielding. At its core lies the synchronized movement of the arms, one descending while the other rises, extending outward in a seamless line, echoing the dynamic interplay of yin and yang, perpetuating an eternal cycle. The legs complement this harmony, flexing and extending in tandem with the arms, while the body maintains an upright stance, with qi centered in the dantian. From behind, the sculpture forms a structured "square", symbolizing unity and strength from top to bottom. This masterpiece effortlessly combines tranquility and motion, embodying both the grounded stability and the latent power ready to be unleashed, emanating a captivating allure of both restraint and potential. Ju Ming channels the "inner settling" of heart, mind, and spirit to articulate the "external settling" of form, posture, and momentum, evoking the serene confidence of a true master. Through its refined craftsmanship and dynamic presence, it reflects the timeless vitality of Chinese culture, exemplifying the essence of Oriental elegance. Placed on an indoor display, it invites contemplation of the aesthetic subtleties of Taichi, standing as a testament to Ju Ming’s artistic mastery and holding significant appeal for discerning collectors.
CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS FOR BUYERS The following provisions may be amended by public notice or verbal notifi cation during the auction. By bidding at the auction, the Bidder agrees to be bound by the following provisions. Article 1 China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. as the Auction Agent Unless otherwise provided, China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. shall serve as the Seller’s agent. The contract for the sale of the Auction Property shall be the contract between the Seller and the Buyer. These Conditions, the Conditions of Business for Sellers, and all other terms, conditions and notices contained in the catalogue, announced by the Auctioneer or provided in the auction venue in the form of an announcement shall constitute the terms agreed among the Seller, the Buyer and/or China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. as the auction agent. Article 2 Defi nitions and Explanations 1. The following terms herein shall have the meanings assigned to them below: (1) “Company” means China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd.; (2) “China Guardian” means China Guardian Auctions Co., Ltd., with its domicile at 3/F, Offi ce Area, Guardian Art Center, No.1 Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; (3) “Seller” means any person, company, body corporate or entity that offers Auction Property for sale. Unless otherwise stated or specifi cally required by the context, the term “Seller” herein shall include the Seller’s agent (excluding the Company), executor or personal representative; (4) “Bidder” means any person, company, body corporate or entity that contemplates, makes or attempts a bid in any manner. Unless otherwise stated or specifi cally required by the context, the term “Bidder” herein shall include the Bidder’s agent; (5) “Buyer” means the Bidder, including the principal of a person bidding as an agent, the highest bid or off er of whom is accepted by the Auctioneer in the auction held by the Company; (6) “Buyer’s Commission” means the commission that the Buyer must pay to the Company based on the Hammer Price at the rate specifi ed herein; (7) “Auction Property” means the item(s) that the Seller consigns to the Company for auction and which are auctioned off at the auction; (8) “Auction Date” means, for a particular auction, the date announced by the company on which the auction will offi cially commence; (9) “Sale Date” means the date on which the transaction of an Auction Property is confi rmed by the striking of the hammer by the Auctioneer or other public indication by the Auctioneer that a transaction has been struck in the auction held by the Company; (10) “Auctioneer” means the person that the Company designates to preside over a particular auction; (11) “Hammer Price” means the price at which the Auctioneer strikes the hammer, deciding the sale of the Auction Property to the Buyer, or, in the case of a post-auction transaction, the agreed upon sale price; (12) “Purchase Price” means the total amount that the Buyer is required to pay for his or her purchase of an Auction Property, including the Hammer Price plus the Buyer’s Commission, and the taxes, levies, interest and various charges payable by the Buyer; (13) “Buyer Charges” means the expenditures and expenses relating to the sale of an Auction Property by the Company, including but not limited to the charges for insurance, packing, transport, storage and custody that the Company is required to purchase in respect of the Auction Property, expenses for testing, investigation, searching or authentication of an Auction Property additionally requested by the Buyer and additional expenditures and legal expenses incurred in seeking recourse against a defaulting Buyer; (14) “Reserve” means the confidential minimum selling price for an Auction Property determined by the Seller and the Company; (15) “Estimated Price” means the estimated sales price of an Auction Property indicated in the catalogue or after other descriptive text, and excluding the Buyer’s Commission; (16) “Storage Fee” means the charge for storage that the Buyer is required to pay to the Company in accordance herewith. 2. As required by the context, the singular of a term herein includes the plural thereof, and vice versa. Unless otherwise required by the context: (i) the Buyer and the Company are herein collectively referred to as the “Parties”, and a “Party” refers to either Party; (ii) Any mention of legal provisions shall be construed as including any future amendments to, or re-enactment of, such provisions; (iii) Any mention of “person” shall include natural persons, companies, legal persons, enterprises, partnerships, individual proprietorships, governmental or social organizations and organizations comprised of more than one of the foregoing; (iv) Any mention of “Article” or “Clause” refers to the Articles or Clauses hereof; (v) The headings are provided for ease of reference only, and shall not aff ect the interpretation hereof. Article 3 Applicable Scope All Bidders, Buyers and other concerned parties participating in the auction of such collectibles as cultural artifacts, works of art, etc. organized and conducted by the Company shall act in accordance herewith. Article 4 Special Notice All Bidders and Buyers participating in the auction by the Company shall carefully read and abide by these Conditions, and, in particular, they shall carefully read the provisions hereof on the liability of the Company, the restrictive provisions, and the disclaimers. The Bidder and/or his or her agent is/are responsible for viewing the original Auction Properties in person, and shall be legally liable for his or her bidding on the Auction Properties. The Company may at its own discretion postpone or cancel any auction due to weather or other reasons and shall not be liable to make any compensation to the Bidder. Article 5 Responsibilities of the Bidder and the Company in Respect of the Auction Properties 1. The Company’s perception of an Auction Property is partly dependent on the information provided by the Seller, the Company is in no position to and will not carry out comprehensive due diligence of the Auction Properties. The Bidder is aware of this and shall be responsible for inspecting and examining the original Auction Properties so as to satisfy himself or herself in respect of those Auction Properties which he or she may be interested in. 2. All Auction Properties to be sold by the Company are available for viewing by the Bidder before sale. Where the Bidder and/or his or her agent participates in bidding, the Bidder shall be deemed as having thoroughly examined the Auction Properties, and to be satisfi ed with the condition of, and the accuracy of the description of, the Auction Properties. 3. The Bidder confi rms that numerous Auction Properties are of great age and of special types, meaning that they are not necessarily sound and free from defects. All Auction Properties are sold “as is” at the time of the auction (whether or not the Bidder attends the auction in person). Condition reports may be provided at the time of viewing the Auction Properties. Under certain CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS FOR BUYERS 理由； 將狀況與銷售予買家當日相同，並能轉移其妥善所有權且自銷售日期後 並無出現任何第三方申索之拍賣品退還予本公司。 (三) 有關現代及當代藝術、中國油畫以及中國書畫，雖然目前學術界不 容許對此類別作出確實之說明，但本公司保留酌情權按本保證但以拍賣 日後一年內為限取消證實為膺品之現代及當代藝術、中國油畫以及中國 書畫拍賣品之交易；已付之款項按本條規定退還予買家，但買家必須在 拍賣日起一年內向本公司提供證據(按本條第(二)、(四)款規定的方式)， 證實該拍賣品為膺品； (四) 本公司可酌情決定豁免上述任何規定。本公司有權要求買家索取兩 名為本公司及買家雙方接納之獨立及行內認可專家之報告，費用由買家 承擔。本公司無須受買家出示之任何報告所規限，並保留權利尋求額外 之專家意見，費用由本公司自行承擔。 第三十四條 資料獲取、錄影 就經營本公司的拍賣業務方面，本公司可能對任何拍賣過程進行錄音、 錄影及記錄，亦需要向競投人搜集個人資料或向第三方索取有關競投 人的資料(例如向銀行索取信用審核)。這些資料會由本公司處理並且保 密，唯有關資料有可能根據本規則的目的或其它合法目的，提供給本公 司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司、中國嘉德、中國嘉德 的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司，以協助本公司為競投人提供完善 的服務、進行客戶分析，或以便提供符合競投人要求的服務。在本規則 項下的交易完成後(如適用)，本公司可在法律容許的合理時間內，保存 及使用已收集的個人資料。如競投人或買家欲查閱及／或更正存於本公 司的個人資料，可書面致函本公司(連同合理的行政費)提出有關要求。 為了競投人的權益，本公司亦可能需要向第三方服務供應商(例如船運公 司或存倉公司)提供競投人的部份個人資料。競投人參與本公司的拍賣， 即表示競投人同意上文所述。如競投人欲獲取或更改個人資料，請與客 戶服務部聯絡。 第三十五條 版權 賣家授權本公司對其委託本公司拍賣的任何拍賣品製作照片、圖示、圖 錄或其他形式的影像製品和宣傳品，本公司享有上述照片、圖示、圖錄 或其他形式的影像製品和宣傳品的版權，有權對其依法加以無償使用。 未經本公司事先書面同意，買家及任何人不得使用。本公司及賣家均並 未作出拍賣品是否受版權所限或買家是否取得拍賣品之任何版權的陳述 及保證。 第三十六條 通知 競投人及買家均應將其固定有效的通訊地址和聯絡方式以競投登記文 件或其他本公司認可的方式告知本公司，若有改變，應立即書面告知 本公司。 本規則中所提及之通知，僅指以信函、電子郵件、傳真或透過本公司 APP用戶端(“APP用戶端”)形式發出的書面通知。該等通知在下列時間 視為送達： (一) 如是專人送達的，當送到有關方之地址時； (二) 如是以郵寄方式發出的，則為郵寄日之後第七天； (三) 如是以傳真方式發出的，當發送傳真機確認發出時； (四) 如果是以電子郵件形式發出的，當在電子郵件記錄上確認發出之時； (五) 如本公司透過APP用戶端方式發出的，則發送當日為競投人及買家 收到該通知日期。 第三十七條 可分割性 如本規則之任何條款或部分因任何理由被認定為無效、不合法或不可執 行，本規則其他條款或部分仍然有效，相關各方應當遵守、執行。 第三十八條 法律及管轄權 (一) 本規則及其相關事宜、交易、因依照本規則參加本公司拍賣活動而 引起或與之有關的任何爭議，均受香港法律規管並由香港法律解釋。 (二) 受制於第三十八（三）條的規定，香港法院對本公司拍賣活動而引 起或與之有關的任何爭議（“該爭議”）擁有專屬管轄權。本公司、買 家及競投人同意香港法院為最合適及便利的法院以解決該爭議。因此， 任何一方不會就此提出反對。 (三) 本第三十八（三）條只受益於本公司。本公司有權於任何其他具管 轄權的法院就該爭議提起訴訟而不受任何限制。在法律允許的範圍內， 本公司可在若干司法管轄區同時進行訴訟。 第三十九條 語言文本 本規則以中文為標準文本，英文文本為參考文本。 英文文本如與中文文本有任何不一致之處，以中文文本為準。 第四十條 規則版權所有 本規則由本公司制訂和修改，相應版權歸本公司所有。未經本公司事先 書面許可，任何人不得以任何方式或手段，利用本規則獲取商業利益， 亦不得對本規則之任何部分進行複製、傳送或儲存於可檢索系統中。 第四十一條 適用時期 本規則只適用於本次拍賣，本公司可不時更新本規則，競投人和買家參 與另一次拍賣的時候應以當時適用的買家業務規則為準。 第四十二條 解釋權 日常執行本規則時，本規則的解釋權由本公司行使。如買家、賣家與本 公司發生法律爭議，在解決該爭議時，本規則的解釋權由具管轄權的法 院行使。 版本日期：2022年5月11日 本公司地址：香港金鐘道89號力寶中心一座五樓 circumstances, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports may serve as reference about certain defects in the Auction Properties. Nevertheless, the Bidder should note that the Auction Properties may have other defects not expressly stated in the catalogue or condition reports. 4. The information concerning any Auction Property provided to the Bidder, including any forecast information (written or verbal), and any information, rules or other reports, commentaries or estimated values contained in the catalogues, are not statements of fact, but rather statements of the opinions held by the Company. Such information may be revised at the sole discretion of the Company from time to time. 5. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or warranties as to whether any Auction Property is subject to any copyright or whether the Buyer has bought the copyright in any Auction Property. 6. Subject to Articles 5(1) to 5(5) and the specifi c exemptions contained in Article 6 hereof, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports are made by the Company in a reasonable and prudent manner (consistent with the provisions relating to the Company as the Auction Agent) based on (1) the information provided by the Seller to the Company; (2) academic and technical knowledge (if any); and (3) generally accepted opinions of relevant experts. Article 6 Exemption of Liability Toward the Buyer and Limitations 1. Subject to Article 5 and Articles 6(1) and 6(4) hereof, the Company or the Seller shall not: (1) be liable for any errors or omissions in the information provided by the Company to the Bidder, whether verbally or in writing, regardless of whether due to negligence or otherwise; (2) give any guarantee or warranty to the Bidder, and any implied warranties or conditions other than the express warranties given by the Seller to the Buyer through the Company are excluded (except where it is provided in law that such liabilities may not be exempted); (3) be liable to any Bidder for any actions or omissions in respect of any matter relating to the auction or sale of any Auction Property by the Company (regardless of whether due to negligence or otherwise). 2. Unless the Company owns the Auction Property to be sold, it shall not be liable for any breach of these Conditions by the Seller. 3. Without prejudice to Article 6(1) hereof, the amount of any claim that a Bidder may lodge against the Company or the Seller shall be limited to the Hammer Price of the Auction Property and the Buyer’s Commission. Under no circumstance shall the Company or the Seller bear any consequential losses incurred by the Buyer. 4. Article 6 hereof does not exempt or restrict the liability of the Company for any fraudulent misrepresentation made by the Company or the Seller, nor for any personal injury or death arising due to the negligence of or an omission by the Company or the Seller. Article 7 Catalogue and Other Descriptions of the Auction Property All statements made by the Company about an Auction Property in the catalogue or in the condition reports, or separately made verbally or in writing, are statements of opinion only, and shall not be relied upon as statements of fact. Such statements do not constitute any representation, warranty or assumption of liability by the Company in any form. The relevant defects and restorations mentioned in the catalogue or the condition report for an Auction Property are for guidance only and shall be reviewed in person by the Bidder or a representative with the relevant knowledge. The absence of a reference to the above-mentioned information does not mean that the Auction Property is completely free from defects or has never been restored. Furthermore, even if reference is made to a specifi c defect, this does not mean there are no other defects. Where there is a discrepancy between the tone, colour, texture or shape of an Auction Property in the catalogue and/or in any other manner of illustration, video recording or publicity materials and that of the original, due to printing, photographic or other such technical reason, the actual Auction Property shall prevail. Bibliographies cited in any description of an Auction Property by the Company, its employees or its agents are for the Bidder’s reference only. The Company will not provide the originals or photocopies of the bibliographic publications or other such materials, and reserves the right to revise the cited descriptions. Article 8 Reserve and Estimated Price A Reserve is set for all of the Company’s Auction Properties, unless it is indicated or stated that an Auction Property is not subject to such a Reserve. In general, the Reserve is not higher than the low Estimated Price announced or published before the auction by the Company. If a Reserve has not been set for an Auction Property, unless there already have been bids, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her discretion, to decide the starting price, which, however, may not be higher than the low Estimated Price of the Auction Property before the auction. Under no circumstance shall the Company bear any liability in the event that the bids for an Auction Property fail to reach the Reserve at the auction held by the Company. If the bids for an Auction Property are lower than the Reserve, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her discretion, to sell the Auction Property at a price lower than the Reserve. However, under such a circumstance, the amount that the Company shall pay the Seller shall be the amount that the Seller would have received had the Auction Property been sold at the Reserve. An Estimated Price is estimated some time before the Auction Date, is not a defi nitive selling price, and is not legally binding. No Estimated Price may serve as a forecast of the Hammer Price for an Auction Property, and the Company has the right to revise from time to time Estimated Price(s) that have already been made. Article 9 Bidding at Auction Bidders shall bid through the following methods: 1. The Bidder shall attend the auction in person, and complete the registration and pay a bid deposit before obtaining a paddle as required, subject to Article 10 to Article 12 hereof; or 2. Subject to Article 15 hereof, the Bidder may appoint the Company in writing to bid on his or her behalf by a duly completed and signed Telephone Bidding Form of the Company (“Telephone Bidding Form”); or 3. The Bidder shall adopt the Live Auction Platform which authorized by the Company. Article 10 Bidder Registration Where the Bidder is an individual, he or she shall fi ll in and sign before the Auction Date the registration documents on the strength of an identity document with photo issued by the government (such as a resident identity card or passport), and provide proof of his or her current address (e.g. a utility bill or bank statement); where the Bidder is a company or other organization, it shall fill in and sign the registration documents on the strength of its valid incorporation document, proof of shareholding and lawful authorization document, and collect a paddle before the Auction Date. The Company may request the Bidder to present banking information for making payment or other proof of fi nancial standing. Article 11 Paddle The Company may, depending on the auction conditions and auction method, announce before the Auction Date the conditions and procedures for obtaining a paddle, including but not limited to formulating the qualifi cation conditions necessary for Bidders to carry out the procedures for obtaining a paddle. The Company solemnly reminds the Bidder that a paddle is the sole proof for the Bidder to participate in the bidding in person. The Bidder shall keep the same in safe custody and may not lend the same to other persons. In the event it is lost, the Bidder shall promptly carry out the loss report procedures by way of a written method approved by the Company. All of the bidding acts carried out during the auction by a paddle holder, regardless of whether he or she has been appointed by the Bidder, shall be deemed as having been done by the paddle registrant himself or herself, and the Bidder shall bear the legal liability for the acts of such person, unless the paddle registrant has himself or herself carried out with the Company the procedures for reporting the loss of a paddle by way of a written method approved by the Company, and the paddle in question is declared void by the Auctioneer on the spot. Article 12 Bid Deposit When the Bidder participates in the Company’s auction, he or she shall pay a bid deposit before collecting the paddle. The amount of the bid deposit shall be announced by the Company before the Auction Date, and the Company has the right to reduce or waive the bid deposit. If the Bidder fails to buy an Auction Property and does not have any amounts owing to the Company, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, the entire amount of the bid deposit shall be refunded to the Bidder without interest within 14 working days after conclusion of the auction. If the Bidder becomes the Buyer, the bid deposit shall automatically be transformed into the deposit for payment of the Purchase Price of the Auction Property. Article 13 Discretion of the Company The Company has the right, at its discretion, to refuse anyone from participating in the auction held by the Company, entering the auction venue, or taking photos, audio recordings or video recordings, etc. in the auction venue. Article 14 Bidding as Principal Unless a particular Bidder has presented written proof to the Company indicating that he or she is the agent of a particular Bidder and the same has been approved in writing by the Company, each Bidder shall be deemed to be the Bidder himself or herself. Article 15 Telephone Bids The Bidder shall attend the auction in person. If he or she cannot attend in person or by way of an agent, he or she may appoint the Company in writing using the Telephone Bidding Form to bid on his or her behalf. The Company shall have the discretion to decide whether or not to accept such an appointment. If the Bidder wishes to appoint the Company to bid on his or her behalf, he or she should have completed the appointment procedures of the bids by the prescribed deadline (no later than 24 hours before the Auction Date), present a duly completed and signed Telephone Bidding Form to the Company, and paid the bid deposit pursuant to these Conditions. If, having appointed the Company to bid on his or her behalf, the Bidder wishes to cancel the appointment, he or she shall notify the Company in writing no later than 24 hours before the Auction Date. Article 16 Outcome of Telephone Bid If the Bidder has appointed the Company to bid on his or her behalf, the bid outcome and relevant legal liabilities shall be borne by him or her. The Bidder shall accurately provide the instant communication method (such as mobile phone number) and keep such instant communication instrument in safe custody. While the Company is appointed to bid on the behalf of the Bidder, the Bidder shall personally use the instant communication instrument. In event of loss of, or loss of the control of, the instant communication instrument in question, the Bidder shall promptly revise by way of a written method approved by the Company the instant communication method provided on the Telephone Bidding Form. While the Company is appointed to bid on the Bidder’s behalf, it will (use timely and appropriate effort) to contact the Bidder, and all of the bidding information transmitted by the instant communication instrument (regardless of whether it is transmitted by the Bidder himself or herself or the Bidder’s Agent) shall be deemed as having been transmitted by the Bidder himself or herself, and the Bidder shall be legally liable for the actions thereof, unless the Buyer has himself or herself altered by way of a written method approved by the Company the instant communication method provided on the Telephone Bidding Form. Nevertheless, under no circumstance shall the Company be liable for any unsuccessful attempt to make contact or for any errors or omissions in the bids made using the instant communication instrument in question. Article 17 Disclaimer of Liability for Telephone Bid Given that telephone bidding is a free service provided by the Company to the Bidder for the purpose of transmitting bidding information, neither the Company nor its employees shall be liable for unsuccessful bids or any errors, omissions, negligence, fault or inability to bid on the Bidder’s behalf arising in the course of the bidding on the Bidder’s behalf. Article 18 Discretion of the Auctioneer The Auctioneer shall have the absolute right of discretion in respect of the following matters: 1. to refuse or accept any bid; 2. to conduct the auction in the manner he or she decides; 3. to withdraw any Auction Property, divide it into separate lots for auction or combine any two or more Auction Properties and auction them together; 4. where an error or dispute occurs, whether during or after the auction, to decide the successful Bidder, whether or not to continue the auction, to cancel the auction or to auction the disputed Auction Property anew; 5. to open and conduct the bidding at the level and at bid increments that he or she deems appropriate, and to bid on behalf of the Seller up to the amount of the Reserve, by making a bid, by making consecutive bids or by making bids in response to the bids of other Bidders; 6. to take other actions that he or she reasonably deems appropriate. Article 19 No Reserve For those Auction Properties without a Reserve, unless there are bids, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her own discretion, to decide the starting price. If there are no bids at such price, the Auctioneer will, at his or her own discretion, lower the price and continue the auction until a Bidder starts to bid, whereupon he will increase the price from there and continue the auction. Article 20 Image Display Panel and Currency Conversion Display Panel For the convenience of Bidders, the Company may use image projection or other manner of display panel during the auction. The information shown thereon shall be provided for reference only. Regardless of whether there may be errors in the information, such as the amount, reference number of an Auction Property, the picture of an Auction Property or reference foreign exchange amount, etc., shown on the image projection or other manner of display panel, the Company shall not be liable for any losses arising as a result thereof. Article 21 Successful Sale Upon the confi rmation of the highest bid by the striking of the hammer or otherwise by the Auctioneer, such Bidder’s bid shall be the successful bid, indicating that he or she has become the Buyer of the Auction Property, and that a binding sales contract has been concluded between the Seller and the Buyer. Article 22 Commission and Charges Once the Bidder has made a successful bid, he or she becomes the Buyer of the Auction Property. The Buyer shall pay to the Company a commission to be calculated as follows: For each Auction Property, those part of Hammer Price which is HKD5 million or below, the commission shall be equivalent to 20% of the Hammer Price; for each Auction Property whose Hammer Price exceeds HKD5 million, the commission applicable to those part of the Hammer Price between HKD5 million to HKD20 million shall be equivalent to 17% thereof and the commission applicable to those part of the Hammer Price above HKD20 million shall be equivalent to 14 % thereof. The Buyer shall also pay to the Company other Buyer Charges, and accepts that the Company may charge the Seller a commission and other Seller charges in accordance with the Conditions of Business for Sellers. Article 23 Taxes All the monies paid to the Company by the Buyer shall be the net amount, exclusive of any tax on goods, tax on services or other value added tax (whether levied by Hong Kong or another region). If any taxes or levies are applicable to the Buyer, he or she shall solely bear the same in accordance with the relevant laws currently in force. Article 24 Payment Deadline Unless otherwise agreed in writing, after a sale, the Buyer shall pay the Purchase Price in full to the Company and collect the Auction Property within seven days from the Sale Date, regardless of any export, import or other permit regulations for the Auction Property. All packing and handling charges, freight and insurance charges, export related charges, etc. involved, if any, shall be paid by the Buyer together with the foregoing. Article 25 Payment Currency All monies shall be paid in Hong Kong dollars. If the Buyer pays in a currency other than the Hong Kong dollar, the same shall be converted at the exchange rate agreed between the Buyer and the Company or at the exchange rate for the Hong Kong dollar and the currency in question posted by The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. one working day prior to the date of payment by the Buyer. All bank service charges, commissions and other charges incurred by the Company in converting the foreign currency paid by the Buyer into Hong Kong dollars shall be borne by the Buyer. Article 26 Transfer of Ownership Even if the Auction Property has not been delivered to the Buyer by the Company, the Buyer shall have secured ownership of the Auction Property but before he or she has paid in full the Purchase Price and all amounts that he or she may owe the circumstances, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports may serve as reference about certain defects in the Auction Properties. Nevertheless, the Bidder should note that the Auction Properties may have other defects not expressly stated in the catalogue or condition reports. 4. The information concerning any Auction Property provided to the Bidder, including any forecast information (written or verbal), and any information, rules or other reports, commentaries or estimated values contained in the catalogues, are not statements of fact, but rather statements of the opinions held by the Company. Such information may be revised at the sole discretion of the Company from time to time. 5. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or warranties as to whether any Auction Property is subject to any copyright or whether the Buyer has bought the copyright in any Auction Property. 6. Subject to Articles 5(1) to 5(5) and the specifi c exemptions contained in Article 6 hereof, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports are made by the Company in a reasonable and prudent manner (consistent with the provisions relating to the Company as the Auction Agent) based on (1) the information provided by the Seller to the Company; (2) academic and technical knowledge (if any); and (3) generally accepted opinions of relevant experts. Article 6 Exemption of Liability Toward the Buyer and Limitations 1. Subject to Article 5 and Articles 6(1) and 6(4) hereof, the Company or the Seller shall not: (1) be liable for any errors or omissions in the information provided by the Company to the Bidder, whether verbally or in writing, regardless of whether due to negligence or otherwise; (2) give any guarantee or warranty to the Bidder, and any implied warranties or conditions other than the express warranties given by the Seller to the Buyer through the Company are excluded (except where it is provided in law that such liabilities may not be exempted); (3) be liable to any Bidder for any actions or omissions in respect of any matter relating to the auction or sale of any Auction Property by the Company (regardless of whether due to negligence or otherwise). 2. Unless the Company owns the Auction Property to be sold, it shall not be liable for any breach of these Conditions by the Seller. 3. Without prejudice to Article 6(1) hereof, the amount of any claim that a Bidder may lodge against the Company or the Seller shall be limited to the Hammer Price of the Auction Property and the Buyer’s Commission. Under no circumstance shall the Company or the Seller bear any consequential losses incurred by the Buyer. 4. Article 6 hereof does not exempt or restrict the liability of the Company for any fraudulent misrepresentation made by the Company or the Seller, nor for any personal injury or death arising due to the negligence of or an omission by the Company or the Seller. Article 7 Catalogue and Other Descriptions of the Auction Property All statements made by the Company about an Auction Property in the catalogue or in the condition reports, or separately made verbally or in writing, are statements of opinion only, and shall not be relied upon as statements of fact. Such statements do not constitute any representation, warranty or assumption of liability by the Company in any form. The relevant defects and restorations mentioned in the catalogue or the condition report for an Auction Property are for guidance only and shall be reviewed in person by the Bidder or a representative with the relevant knowledge. The absence of a reference to the above-mentioned information does not mean that the Auction Property is completely free from defects or has never been restored. Furthermore, even if reference is made to a specifi c defect, this does not mean there are no other defects. Where there is a discrepancy between the tone, colour, texture or shape of an Auction Property in the catalogue and/or in any other manner of illustration, video recording or publicity materials and that of the original, due to printing, photographic or other such technical reason, the actual Auction Property shall prevail. Bibliographies cited in any description of an Auction Property by the Company, its employees or its agents are for the Bidder’s reference only. The Company will not provide the originals or photocopies of the bibliographic publications or other such materials, and reserves the right to revise the cited descriptions. Article 8 Reserve and Estimated Price A Reserve is set for all of the Company’s Auction Properties, unless it is indicated or stated that an Auction Property is not subject to such a Reserve. In general, the Reserve is not higher than the low Estimated Price announced or published before the auction by the Company. If a Reserve has not been set for an Auction Property, unless there already have been bids, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her discretion, to decide the starting price, which, however, may not be higher than the low Estimated Price of the Auction Property before the auction. Under no circumstance shall the Company bear any liability in the event that the bids for an Auction Property fail to reach the Reserve at the auction held by the Company. If the bids for an Auction Property are lower than the Reserve, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her discretion, to sell the Auction Property at a price lower than the Reserve. However, under such a circumstance, the amount that the Company shall pay the Seller shall be the amount that the Seller would have received had the Auction Property been sold at the Reserve. An Estimated Price is estimated some time before the Auction Date, is not a defi nitive selling price, and is not legally binding. No Estimated Price may serve as a forecast of the Hammer Price for an Auction Property, and the Company has the right to revise from time to time Estimated Price(s) that have already been made. Article 9 Bidding at Auction Bidders shall bid through the following methods: 1. The Bidder shall attend the auction in person, and complete the registration and pay a bid deposit before obtaining a paddle as required, subject to Article 10 to Article 12 hereof; or 2. Subject to Article 15 hereof, the Bidder may appoint the Company in writing to bid on his or her behalf by a duly completed and signed Telephone Bidding Form of the Company (“Telephone Bidding Form”); or 3. The Bidder shall adopt the Live Auction Platform which authorized by the Company. Article 10 Bidder Registration Where the Bidder is an individual, he or she shall fi ll in and sign before the Auction Date the registration documents on the strength of an identity document with photo issued by the government (such as a resident identity card or passport), and provide proof of his or her current address (e.g. a utility bill or bank statement); where the Bidder is a company or other organization, it shall fill in and sign the registration documents on the strength of its valid incorporation document, proof of shareholding and lawful authorization document, and collect a paddle before the Auction Date. The Company may request the Bidder to present banking information for making payment or other proof of fi nancial standing. Article 11 Paddle The Company may, depending on the auction conditions and auction method, announce before the Auction Date the conditions and procedures for obtaining a paddle, including but not limited to formulating the qualifi cation conditions necessary for Bidders to carry out the procedures for obtaining a paddle. The Company solemnly reminds the Bidder that a paddle is the sole proof for the Bidder to participate in the bidding in person. The Bidder shall keep the same in safe custody and may not lend the same to other persons. In the event it is lost, the Bidder shall promptly carry out the loss report procedures by way of a written method approved by the Company. All of the bidding acts carried out during the auction by a paddle holder, regardless of whether he or she has been appointed by the Bidder, shall be deemed as having been done by the paddle registrant himself or herself, and the Bidder shall bear the legal liability for the acts of such person, unless the paddle registrant has himself or herself carried out with the Company the procedures for reporting the loss of a paddle by way of a written method approved by the Company, and the paddle in question is declared void by the Auctioneer on the spot. Article 12 Bid Deposit When the Bidder participates in the Company’s auction, he or she shall pay a bid deposit before collecting the paddle. The amount of the bid deposit shall be announced by the Company before the Auction Date, and the Company has the right to reduce or waive the bid deposit. If the Bidder fails to buy an Auction Property and does not have any amounts owing to the Company, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, the entire amount of the bid deposit shall be refunded to the Bidder without interest within 14 working days after conclusion of the auction. If the Bidder becomes the Buyer, the bid deposit shall automatically be transformed into Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent company, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent company, the Company and/or the Seller reserve the right of possession en or any other lawful relieves. Article 27 Transfer of Risks Once a successful bid has been made, the risks attaching to the Auction Property shall be solely borne by the Buyer once any of the following circumstances (whichever is earlier) arises: 1. the Buyer collects the Auction Property; or 2. the Buyer pays all of the Purchase Price for the Auction Property to the Company; or 3. the lapse of seven days after the Sale Date. Article 28 Collection of the Auction Property The Buyer must, within seven days from the Sale Date, proceed to the Company’s address or other location designated by the Company to collect the Auction Property he or she purchased. The Buyer shall be solely responsible for purchasing insurance for the Auction Property he or she purchased once the risks pass to him or her. If the Buyer fails to collect the Auction Property within seven days from the Sale Date, he or she shall bear all of the relevant costs for storing, handling, insuring, etc. the Auction Property in question, and he or she shall bear all of the liability for the Auction Property he or she purchased. Furthermore, notwithstanding the Auction Property remaining in the custody of the Company or another agent, none of the Company, its employees or agents shall be liable for damage to or loss of the Auction Property, regardless of the reason the same arises. Article 29 Packing and Shipping The packing and processing by the employees of the Company of the purchased Auction Property as required by the Buyer shall solely be deemed as a service provided by the Company to the Buyer, and the Company may decide at its own discretion whether to provide such service. If any losses arise therefrom, they shall solely be borne by the Buyer. Under no circumstance shall the Company be liable for damage to glass or frame, box, backing sheet, stand, mounting, inserts, rolling rod or other similar auxiliary object arising for any reason. Furthermore, the Company shall not be liable for any errors, omissions, damage or loss caused by the packing company or removal company recommended by the Company to the Buyer. Article 30 Import/Export and Permits The Buyer shall himself or herself be responsible for securing any relevant import and export, endangered species or other permit for the Auction Property. A failure or delay in obtaining any required permit shall not be deemed as grounds for cancelling the purchase or delaying payment of the Purchase Price by the Buyer. The Company shall not bear any liability for the failure to duly complete or submit the required import or export waybill, list or documents. If the Buyer requests that the Company apply for an export permit on his or her behalf, the Company shall have the right to charge him or her a separate service fee for such service. However, the Company does not warrant that such export permit will be issued. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or warranties as to whether or not any Auction Property is subject to import/export restrictions or any embargo. Article 31 Remedies for Non-Payment and Specifi c Performance If the Buyer fails to make payment in full pursuant to these Conditions or any payment arrangement agreed with the Company, the Company shall have the right to take one or more of the following measures: 1. If the Buyer fails to pay all of the Purchase Price in full to the Company within 7 days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right to engage a third party organization to collect all or part of the outstanding Purchase Price from the Buyer; 2. If the Buyer fails to pay the Purchase Price in full within 7 days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right to charge interest at the rate 0.03% per day on the Buyer’s outstanding amount starting from the 8th day after the Sale Date until the date on which the Buyer pays the entire amount in full, unless the Buyer and the Company agree otherwise; 3. All risks and charges relating to insurance coverage taken out on the Auction Property, removal thereof, or storage thereof, at or from the Company or elsewhere shall be borne by the Buyer; 4. To institute a legal action against the Buyer, demanding that he or she compensate it for all the losses incurred as a result of his or her breach of contract, including the interest losses arising due to delay in payment or refusal to pay by the Buyer; 5. To exercise a lien on the Auction Property in question and any other Auction Property of the Buyer purchased under the auspices of the Company, and any other property or property rights of the Buyer that may be in the Company’s possession for any reason, and all expenses and/or risks arising during the duration of the lien shall be borne by the Buyer. If the Buyer fails to perform all of his or her relevant obligations by the deadline designated by the Company, the Company shall have the right to dispose of the subject matter of the lien after issuing notice to the Buyer that it is exercising its lien rights and if the Buyer fails to discharge all outstanding amounts within 30 days after issuance of such notice. If the proceeds from the disposal of the subject matter of the lien are insufficient to offset all the monies payable by the Buyer to the Company, the Company shall have the right to separately recover the same; 6. If the Buyer still has not paid all of the Purchase Price in full to the Company within 90 days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right (but shall not be obliged) to decide, at its absolute discretion, to cancel the transaction or agree to cancellation of the transaction by the Seller, and reserves the right to recover all of the losses suff ered by the Company due to cancellation of the transaction; 7. To offset any amount related to the Auction Property owed by the Buyer to the Company against any amount owed from any other transaction by the Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent to the Buyer; 8. To decide at its discretion to use any monies paid by the Buyer to discharge the amount owed by the Buyer to the Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent in connection with the Auction Property or other transaction; 9. To refuse any future bids made by the Buyer or his or her agent, or to charge him or her a bid deposit before accepting his or her bids; The Company is aware that the Auction Property is unique and irreplaceable, if either the Seller or the Buyer defaults, the payment of damages by one party to another shall not be a suffi cient remedy to the observant party. Accordingly, the Company, the Buyer and the Seller agree that any such breach, the observant party may apply to the court to order specifi c performance, requiring the defaulting party to perform his/her obligations under these Conditions or their ancillary documents. Article 32 Remedies for Delay in Collecting the Auction Property If the Buyer fails to collect the purchased Auction Property within seven days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right to take one or more of the following measures: 1. To take out insurance coverage for the Auction Property and/or store the same on Company premises or elsewhere, with all of the costs (including but not limited to charging the Storage Fee specifi ed on the Bidder Registration Form from the 31st day following the Sale Date) and/or risks arising therefrom borne by the Buyer. In such a case, the Buyer may collect the Auction Property (packing and handling charges, freight and insurance charges, export related charges at the sole expense of the Buyer) only after he or she has paid all of the Purchase Price in full; 2. If the Buyer fails to collect the relevant Auction Property by the deadline prescribed herein, he or she shall solely be liable for all the risks and expenses arising after the expiration of such deadline. Article 33 Limited Warranties 1. The general warranties provided to the Buyer by the Company are as set forth below: If it is discovered after an Auction Property is sold by the Company that the same is a forgery, the Company will, in accordance herewith, cancel the transaction and refund to the Buyer in the original currency the Hammer price together with the Buyer’s Commission paid by the Buyer to the Company in respect of the Auction Property. For the purposes of the foregoing, a forgery, based on the reasonable opinion of the Company, means such things as a forged work or intentional concealment or a fraudulent claim in respect of the source, place of origin, date, production year, age, culture or origin, etc. of a work, and a correct description of the foregoing is not included in the catalogue (considering any terms of art). Any damage to an Auction Property and/or any manner of restored piece and/or any repaired piece (including repainting or overpainting) shall not be deemed a forgery. Please note that the foregoing warranty shall not apply if: (1) The information in the catalogue is based on the generally accepted opinions of academics and experts on the selling date, or said information in the catalogue indicates that there exist confl icts in such opinions; or (2) On the selling date, the only means of proving that the Auction Property in question is a forgery is not generally available or recognized at such time, is extremely expensive or is impractical; or may already have caused damage to the Auction Property or may (in the reasonable opinion of the Company) already have caused the Auction Property to lose value; or (3) If, based on its description, the Auction Property has not lost any material value. 2. The period specifi ed by this warranty simply provides the Buyer an exclusive non-transferrable benefi t for 5 years after the relevant Auction Date. To lodge a claim based on this warranty, the Buyer must: (1) notify the Company in writing within three months after the receipt of any information which leads the Buyer to doubt the authenticity or attributes of the Auction Property, specifying the reference number of the Auction Property, the date on which the Auction Property was purchased and the reasons for believing that the Auction Property is a forgery; (2) return the Auction Property to the Company in a condition identical to that on the date on which it was sold to the Buyer, and provided that good title thereto is transferrable and no third party claims have been made in respect thereof since the selling date. 3. With respect to contemporary and modern art, Chinese oil paintings and Chinese paintings and calligraphy, although academic circles do not permit the making of defi nitive statements in respect thereof at present, the Company reserves the discretion, pursuant to this warranty, to cancel transactions of contemporary and modern art, Chinese oil paintings and Chinese paintings and calligraphy that are confi rmed to be forgeries, but only within one year after the Auction Date. The amount paid shall be refunded to the Buyer pursuant to this Article, provided that the Buyer provides to the Company evidence (by the methods set forth in clauses 2 and 4 of this Article) confi rming that the Auction Property is a forgery within one year from the Auction Date; 4. The Company may, at its discretion, decide to waive any of the foregoing provisions. The Company shall have the right to request that the Buyer obtain, at his or her expense, reports from two experts acceptable to the Company and the Buyer who are independent and recognized in the industry. The Company shall not be subject to any report presented by the Buyer, and reserves the right to seek the opinion of additional experts at its own expense. Article 34 Obtaining Information, Video Taking With respect to the operation of the Company’s auction business, the Company may make audio recordings, video recordings or keep a record of any auction process, and may need to collect personal information from the Bidder or request information about the Bidder from third parties (such as requesting a credit review from a bank). Such information will be processed and kept confi dential by the Company. However, relevant information may be provided to the Company, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent in order to assist the Company in providing excellent services to Bidders, carrying out client analyses, or providing services that satisfy the requirements of Bidders. For the benefi t of the Bidder, the Company may also be required to provide certain personal information of the Bidder to third party service providers (such as shipping companies or warehousing companies). By participating in the auction by the Company, the Bidder indicates that he or she consents to the foregoing. If the Bidder wishes to obtain or amend his or her personal information, he or she is asked to contact the customer service department. Article 35 Copyright The Seller authorizes the Company to produce photos, illustrations, a catalogue, or other form of video recording of, and publicity materials for, any Auction Property that he or she has consigned to the Company for auction, and the Company enjoys the copyrights therein, and has the right to use the same in accordance with the law. Without the prior written consent of the Company, neither the Buyer nor anyone else may use the same. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or warranties as to whether the Auction Property is subject to copyright or whether the Buyer secures any copyright in the Auction Property. Article 36 Notices The Bidder and the Buyer shall inform the Company of their fixed and valid correspondence address and contact information by the method specifi ed in the bidding registration documents or other method approved by the Company. In the event of a change, the Company shall be promptly informed thereof in writing. The notices mentioned herein only refer to written notices sent by post, by email, by fax or by the Company’s mobile app (“Mobile App”). A notice shall be deemed as served at the following times: 1. If served by hand, at the time it reaches the address of the relevant Party; 2. If by post, the seventh day after it is posted; 3. If by fax, when transmission is confi rmed by the sending fax machine; 4. If by email, when delivery is confi rmed by the email record; 5. A notice sent by the Company through Mobile App shall be deemed to be received by the Bidder and the Buyer on the date when it is delivered. Article 37 Severability If any provision or part hereof is found invalid, unlawful or unenforceable for any reason, the other provisions and parts hereof shall remain valid, and the relevant parties shall abide by and perform the same. Article 38 Laws and Jurisdiction (1) These Conditions and related matters, transactions and any disputes arising from, or in connection with, participation in the auction conducted by the Company pursuant hereto shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of Hong Kong. (2) Subject to Article 38.3 below, the Hong Kong courts have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any disputes arising out of or in connection with any auctions conducted by the Company (the “Disputes”). All of the Company, the Buyer and the Bidder agree that the Hong Kong courts are the most appropriate and convenient courts to settle the Disputes and accordingly no party will object to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of Hong Kong courts. (3) This Article 38.3 is for the benefi t of the Company only. The Company shall not be prevented from taking any proceedings relating to the Disputes in any other courts with jurisdiction. To the extent allowed by law, the Company may take concurrent proceedings in any number of jurisdictions. Article 39 Language The Chinese language version hereof shall be the governing version and the English language version shall be for reference only. In the event of a discrepancy between the English language version and the Chinese language version, the Chinese language version shall prevail. Article 40 Ownership of Copyright in the Conditions These Conditions are formulated and shall be revised by the Company, and the relevant copyrights shall vest in the Company. Without the prior written permission of the Company, no one may use these Conditions in any manner or way to obtain commercial benefits, and may not take copies of, communicate or store in any searchable system any part hereof. Article 41 Term of Applicability These Conditions shall apply solely to the upcoming auction. The Company may update these Conditions from time to time. When the Bidder and the Buyer participate in another auction, then applicable Conditions of Business for Buyers shall prevail. Article 42 Right of Interpretation During routine performance hereof, the right to interpret these Conditions shall be exercised by the Company. In the event of a legal dispute between the Buyer and the Company, the right of interpreting these Conditions, when resolving the dispute, shall be exercised by the competent court. Date of this version: 11th May 2022 Address of the Company: 5th Floor, Tower One, Lippo Centre, 89 Queensway, Hong Kong
重要通告 IMPORTANT NOTICE 中國嘉德（香港）國際拍賣有限公司（以下稱為“本公司”）舉 辦的拍賣活動均依據本圖錄中所附之買家業務規則、重要通告、 競投登記須知、財務付款須知以及可向本公司索取之賣家業務規 則進行，參加拍賣活動的競投人須仔細閱讀並予以遵守。該等業 務規則及規定可以公告或口頭通知之方式進行修改。 拍賣品之狀況 競投人應於拍賣前之展覽會上審看拍賣品，並對自己的競投行為 承擔法律責任。如欲進一步了解拍賣品資料，請向業務人員諮 詢。如圖錄中未說明拍賣品之狀況，不表示該拍賣品沒有缺陷或 瑕疵（請參閱載於本圖錄之買家業務規則第五條）。 受限制物料 (一)附有 符號之拍賣品於編制圖錄當時已識別為含有受限制物 料，而有關物料可能受到進出口之限制。有關資料為方便競投人 查閱，而無附有該符號並非保證該拍賣品並無進出口之限制。由 植物或動物材料（如珊瑚、鱷魚、鯨骨、玳瑁、犀牛角及巴西玫 瑰木等）製成或含有植物或動物材料之物品，不論其年份或價 值，均可能須申領許可證或證書方可出口至香港境外，且由香港 境外國家進口時可能須申領其他許可證或證書。務請注意，能取 得出口許可證或證書並不能確保可在另一國家取得進口許可證或 證書，反之亦然。競投人應向相關政府查核有關野生動物植物進 口之規定後再參與競投。買家須負責取得任何出口或進口許可證/ 或證書，以及任何其他所需文件（請參閱載於本圖錄之買家業務 規則第三十條）。 (二)香港法例第586章《保護瀕危動植物物種條例》已於2018年6月 8日作出相應的立法修訂，以履行2016年《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿 易公約》修訂中對黃檀屬所有種的規定。修訂列明的新物種包括黃檀 屬所有種將受許可證管制。新管制措施將於2018年11月1日生效， 該條例規定，凡進口、從公海引進、出口、再出口或管有列明物種的 標本或衍生物，均須事先申領漁農自然護理署發出的許可證。 (三)《2018年保護瀕危動植物物種（修訂）條例》已於2018年1月 30日通過，旨在加強管制進口及再出口象牙及象狩獵品。禁止進口 及再出口象狩獵品及《公約》前象牙及《公約》後象牙（古董象牙除 外）的規定已經實施。在領有許可證情況下，為商業目的而管有的 《公約》前象牙及《公約》後象牙可進行本地貿易。為了保護文物， 古董象牙（指1925年7月1日前發生《修訂條例》規定情況的象牙） 可獲豁免。但進口及再出口古董象牙需領有進出口許可證及《公約》 前證明書。自2021年12月31日起，禁止為商業目的管有任何象牙， 包括《公約》前象牙及《公約》後象牙（古董象牙除外）。 電器及機械貨品 所有電器及機械貨品只按其裝飾價值出售，不應假設其可運作。 電器在作任何用途前必須經合格電器技師檢驗和批核。 語言文本 本公司買家業務規則、賣家業務規則、載於圖錄或由拍賣官公佈 或於拍賣會場以通告形式提供之所有其他條款、條件、通知、表 格等文件以及本圖錄中拍賣品之描述，均以中文文本為準，英文 文本僅為參考文本。 版權 本公司已盡一切合理努力查找、聯繫和確認版權擁有者。如本圖 錄內未有包含適當確認版權擁有者的資訊，本公司鼓勵版權擁有 者通知本公司。本公司亦歡迎任何信息，以澄清被展示圖文的版 權的擁有權。 本圖錄版權屬本公司所有。未經本公司書面許可，不得以任何形 式對本圖錄的任何部分進行複製或進行其他任何形式的使用。 The auction to be held by China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the “Company”) will be conducted in accordance with the Conditions of Sale, Important Notice, Important Notice about Bidding Registration, and the Important Notice about Payment contained in this Catalogue as well as the Conditions of Business for Sellers which are available from the Company, and Bidders wishing to participate in the auction must carefully read and comply therewith. Such Conditions and rules may be revised by way of an announcement or verbal notifi cation. Condition of the Auction Properties The Bidder should view the Auction Properties at the pre-auction exhibition, and will be legally liable for his or her bidding. For more information on the Auction Properties, please consult our business staff . The absence of a description of the condition of an Auction Property in the Catalogue does not mean that the Auction Property is free of fl aws or defects (please refer to Article 5 of the Conditions of Sale contained in this Catalogue). Restricted materials (1) Auction Properties marked with a symbol were identified as containing restricted materials at the time of compiling the Catalogue, and the relevant materials may be subject to import and export restrictions. The relevant information is provided for the convenience of Bidders, and the absence of such a symbol on an Auction Property does not ensure that it is not subject to import and export restrictions. For items made of or containing botanical or animal materials (coral, crocodile, whale bone, tortoise shell, rhinoceros horn and Brazilian Rosewood, etc.), regardless of their year or value, may require application for permits or certifi cates before exportation outside Hong Kong, and application for other permits or certifi cates may be required when importing into countries outside Hong Kong. Please note that the securing of an export permit or certifi cate does not ensure that an import permit or certifi cate can be secured in another country, and vice versa. The Bidder should enquire about the regulations for the import of wild fl ora and fauna to the relevant government before participating in an auction. Buyers are responsible for obtaining any export or import permits/certifi cates and any other documents required (please refer to Article 30 of the Conditions of Sale contained in this Catalogue). (2) The corresponding legislative amendments have been made to the Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance, Cap. 586 (“the Ordinance”) in Hong Kong on 8 June 2018, concerning the amendments to Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (“the CITES”) which has been adopted in 2016. The newly scheduled species include Dalbergia Species will be subject to licensing control. The new controls will become effective on 1 November 2018. According to the Ordinance, unless exempted or otherwise specified, the import, introduction from sea, export, re-export or possession of endangered species or its derivatives, requires a license issued by Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. (3) The Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants (Amendment) Ordinance 2018 (“Ordinance”) was enacted on 30 January 2018, which aims to enhance regulation on import and re-export of elephant ivory and elephant hunting trophies. New control measures banned the import and re-export of all elephant hunting trophies and pre-Convention ivory and post-Convention ivory items. The commercial possession of pre-Convention ivory and post-Convention ivory items are allowed to conduct local trading, which subject to licensing control. As a measure to protect culture relics, the trade in antique ivory (ivory that occurred before 1 July 1925 with the circumstances as prescribed by the Ordinance) will continue to be allowed. Import and re-export of antique ivory require a License to Import/ Re-export and a Pre-Convention Certifi cate. The possession for commercial purpose of all ivory (save for antique ivory) including pre-Convention ivory and post- Convention ivory will be prohibited from 31 December 2021. Electrical appliances and mechanical goods All electrical appliances and mechanical goods are sold as is, and should not be assumed to be in working order. Before use, electrical appliances must be inspected and approved by a qualifi ed electrical technician. Language The Chinese versions of the Conditions of Business for Buyers, Conditions of Business for Sellers, and all other documents such as the terms, conditions, notices, forms, etc. contained in the Catalogue, announced by the Auctioneer or provided in the auction venue, as well as of the descriptions of the Auction Properties in this Catalogue shall prevail, and the English versions are for reference only. Copyright Every reasonable effort has been made to locate, contact and acknowledge copyright owners. If any proper acknowledgement has not been included here, copyright owners are encouraged to notify the Company. The Company also welcomes any information that clarifi es the copyright ownership of any material displayed. The copyrights in this Catalogue vest in the Company. Without the written permission of the Company, no part of this Catalogue may be reproduced or otherwise used in any manner.
