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国内拍卖首页 > Christie's > 印度、喜马拉雅及东南亚工艺精品 > Lot 420
西藏中部 丹薩替寺 十四世紀下半葉至十五世紀上半葉 鎏金銅勝樂金剛像
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2021年09月22日 开拍 / 2021年09月20日 截止委托
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拍品描述

12 in. (31.3 cm.) high
Private collection, New York, 1970s. 拍品专文 This large, powerfully-cast gilt-bronze image of Chakrasamvara and Vajravarahi is an extraordinary example of Himalayan metalwork sculpture at its finest. The work once adorned one of the great tashi gomang stupas of Densatil Monastery, and the couple representing the virtues of wisdom and compassion would have towered over the worshippers of that institution from one of the top tiers of the stupa. As the deity at the heart of meditative vision that spawned the great stupas of Densatil, Chakrasamvara holds an especial importance in the context of Densatil sculpture. The monastery of Densatil, established southeast of Lhasa in 1179, housed perhaps the most spectacular achievement of Himalayan bronze casting in all of Tibet. Its eight tashi gomang (“Many doors of Auspiciousness”) stupas, each possibly up to five meters high, were arranged in tiers completely covered with gilt-bronze plaques and bedecked with a multitude of freestanding gilt-bronze Buddhist figures, an enormous display of the whole pantheon of Tibetan Buddhist deities, expertly crafted by the finest Newar artists and local craftsmen. Tragically destroyed in the second half of the twentieth century, all that remains now are a handful of photographs taken by the Italian Pietro Francesco Mele (who visited the site with the famed Tibetologist Guiseppe Tucci in 1948) and a small group of salvaged fragments which have been preserved in private collections and museums. Upon visiting the remote and immaculately preserved monastery in 1948, Tucci described the tashi gomang stupas as “smothered with a wealth of carvings and reliefs that knew no limits. The whole Olympus of Mahayana seemed to have assembled on those monuments.” The site of Densatil was established as a hermitage in the twelfth century by the esteemed Kagyu master and teacher, Dorje Gyalpo (1110-1170), a disciple of Gampopa Sonam Rinchen (1070-1153), himself a disciple of the famed poet, Milarepa (1040-1123). After the death of his master, Gampopa, Dorje Gyalpo withdrew from civilization in search of a quiet locale for meditation. He eventually settled in an area near the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River named Phagmodru (“Sow’s Crossing"), and as such he was later known by the epithet Phagmo Drupa (“One from Phagmodru”), a name also given to the entire lineage and religious house that he founded. Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo’s teachings drew a considerable following, although he and his disciples lived simply in thatched huts high on the slopes above the Tsangpo. It was only after Phagmo Drupa’s death that his two most important disciples, Taglung Tangpa Tashi Pel and Jigten Gompo, the founders of Taglung Monastery and Drigung Monastery, respectively, ordered the construction of a permanent building to honor their master. The building preserved Dorje Gyalpo’s thatched hut in one corner, and at the center of its eastern wall, they interred his remains within a large Kadampa-style stupa. The first tashi gomang was not constructed until 1208, and it was erected at Drigung Monastery rather than at Densatil. Dorje Gyalpo’s disciple, Jigten Gompo, while in deep meditation, had a vision of Chakrasamvara surrounded by a retinue of 2800 deities, high on the slopes of Mount Tsari. Seeking to translate the ethereal into the worldly, Jigten Gompo ordered the construction of an enormous structure to support a commemorative stupa at Drigung. The design of the tashi gomang consisted of six stepped tiers, the sides covered in gilt-bronze plaques with doors and niches from which emerged freestanding gilt-bronze images of various mandala figures. The entire structure was in essence a series of mandalas contained within the overall mandala of the structure itself. Jigten Gompo had the commemorative stupa of Dorje Gyalpo removed from its spot at Densatil to surmount the Drigung tashi gomang, although unsurprising outcry from the monks at Densatil forced him to return it shortly thereafter. The first tashi gomang at Drigung, which was likely to have been the prototype for the eight tashi gomang at Densatil, was completely destroyed in 1290 when the Sakya clan sacked and burned Drigung to the ground. A painting somehow preserved from Drigung's destruction, in the collection of the Rubin Museum (acc. no. C2003.7.1), illustrates the importance of Chakrasamvara to the iconographic program of the Drigung stupa, and thus those at Densatil; it shows Chakrasamvara flanked on either side by the footprints of Jigten Gompo, literally centering the deity within the spiritual lineage of the monastery's founder. Throughout the latter half of the thirteenth century, meanwhile, the Phagmo Drupa of Densatil were slowly gaining independence from the Drigung, and beginning to assert themselves as a power in their own right. Under the Mongol rule of Tibet, they were elevated as one of the thirteen myriarchies (a unit of subdivision instituted by the Mongols) of Tibet, and Densatil was presented with gifts from Hulagu Khan, brother of Kublai Khan, the Yuan ruler of China. It was likely this influx of wealth and prestige that enabled the monks of Densatil in 1267 to build their first tashi gomang in memory of their recently deceased abbot, Dragpa Tsondru. Despite their growth in stature, the Phagmo Drupa only began to consolidate their power after the fall of the Yuan dynasty, and by the second half of the fourteenth century, were the dominant clan in Tibet. It is during this period, from 1360 to 1434, that the remaining seven tashi gomang were constructed, all roughly following the vision of Jigten Gompo, and thus, the original Drigung prototype of 1208. In the second half of the fourteenth century, however, the Phagmo Drupa were quickly displaced from power by other monastic houses, and despite the wealth interred in Densatil, the monastery was largely undisturbed, and thus unusually preserved, until the twentieth century. As one can only rely on the few remaining photos of Densatil Monastery taken by Pietro Francesco Mele, it is almost impossible to establish a concrete art historical timeline for the development of style across the eight tashi gomang. Jean-Luc Estournel has made an admirable attempt in “About the 18 stupas and other treasures once at the Densatil Monastery,” on asianart.com. Even with this invaluable resource, it is clear that each tashi gomang was built over a series of months or even years, with the gilt-bronze sculptures decorating the exterior of the stupas cast by more than one group of artisans at a time. The individual style of each tashi gomang, therefore, is somewhat variable, with both overlapping styles across tashi gomang, and contradictory styles on a singular tashi gomang.

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价格信息

拍品估价：1,000,000 - 1,500,000 美元 起拍价格：1,000,000 美元  买家佣金：
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