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A RARE LAMDRE LINEAGE PAINTING OF TWO SAKYA MASTERS CENTRAL TIBET, FIRST HALF OF 15TH CENTURY
纽约
2021年09月22日 开拍 / 2021年09月20日 截止委托
拍品描述
A RARE LAMDRE LINEAGE PAINTING OF TWO SAKYA MASTERS
CENTRAL TIBET, FIRST HALF OF 15TH CENTURY
27 x 23 in. (69.8 x 60.3 cm.)
The Pan Asian Collection (Christian Humann), probably by 1977. R.H. Ellsworth, Ltd., New York, by 1982. 拍品专文 A Dual-lineage Lamdre Painting Two enthroned lamas gaze toward the center of this squarely-composed composition depicting a large host of human teachers and deities. Both central figures don the garb of esteemed lamas and hold lotus stems in each hand - a vajra and bell rest on those held by the teacher on the left while a flaming sword and book rest on those held by the teacher on the right. In contrast to the other figures in this composition, their identities are not revealed by inscriptions and their iconography is common. The deities in union perched on a lotus between the two lama’s heads are also unlabeled, although easily recognizable as Chakrasamvara and Vajrayogini. Three labeled teachers float upon lotuses in the negative space between the top of the central lamas’ throne-back and the top register of figures. The top register is composed of labeled human teachers and deities with the primordial buddha Vajradhara at center. Columns filled with images of additional labeled teachers descend down either side of the composition. The lowermost register depicts labeled human figures on either end and a host of labeled deities appear between them: Maha Ganapati, Kurukulla, and Takkiraja (“The Three Red Ones”), followed by Gonpo, Lhamo, and Yellow Jambhala. The first eight figures in one of the dual-lineages depicted here (moving counterclockwise beginning with Vajradhara), are easily identifiable based on the inscriptions: Vajravarahi, Mahasiddha Laksminkara, Mahasiddha Virupa, Mahasiddha Avadhutipa, Newar pandit Devakaracandra, Newar pandit Paindapatika, and Hungdu Karpa (also known as ‘Varendraruci’). The remaining figures’ inscriptions are not only abbreviated versions of their names, but are also quite abraded (consistent with the great age of this object), making it impossible to firmly determine their identities at this time. Fortunately, the first eight lineage holders fit perfectly into the lineage of Chinnamasta Vajrayogini (see Taranata’s Rinjung Gyatsa, pp. 1175-1176) so it is safe to assume that this portion of the composition depicts a Chinnamasta lineage. Essential Lamdre (Skt. Margapala) lineage holders are included therein, such as the main progenitor Virupa and the final figure and patron, Kunga Lekpa. The second lineage, which appears on the right side of this painting, is opaque in comparison to the first. One obstacle in illuminating this line of transmission is the challenge of determining who the final lineage holder on this side is (the figure in the bottom right corner of the composition). While the inscription beneath him begins with “byas sem” meaning “bodhisattva” in Tibetan, the remainder of the inscription is illegible. However, the greater difficulty in determining what teaching transmission is embedded here is not due to lack of clarity in the inscriptions (they are not abraded like those on the left side), but rather due to the names’ abbreviated forms which may be interpreted in a variety of ways and the dearth of resources including those names. The final lineage holder on the left side (the figure distinguished by a yellow meditation cushion and his unique mudra) is, on the contrary, easily identifiable based on both the inscription just below him as well as the dedicatory inscription containing his name on the backside of this painting. An inscription on the backside of this fine painting - beneath the standard consecration verses from the Heart of Dependent Arising Sutra (Tib. rten ‘brel snying po) and Lantsa seed syllables - states that the present painting was sponsored by “Jangphugpa Lama Kunga Lekpa” for the fulfillment of his two guru’s wishes. While patron Jangchubpa Kunga Lekpa’s life dates are unknown, a number of allusions to the esteemed teacher places him in the first half of the fifteenth century (presumably born in the late-fourteenth). He is said, for instance, to have given novice vows, along with Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo (b. 1382 - d.1456) to the Fourth Ngor Khenchen, Kunga Wangchuk (b.1424 - d.1478; see his biography on TreasuryofLives.org). Moreover, according to the biography of Sharchen Yeshe Gyeltsen (written by the aforementioned Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo), Kunga Lekpa once requested Sharchen’s presence at Jangphug monastery in Yeru (in Tsang Province). Sharchen’s documented visit to Jangphug where he gave teachings just prior to his death, tells us that Kunga Lekpa’s life dates coincided with Sharchen’s - and Sharchen is depicted as a primary guru (in the top right corner) in this painting. Finally, Kunga Lekpa is named by inscription as the patron of a Mandala of Yamari in the Shelly and Donald Rubin Collection, illustrated on Himalayan Art Resources, item no. 1041, which cannot be dated any later than the fifteenth-century for a variety of reasons. David Jackson corroborates these life dates for Jangphugpa Lama Kunga Lekpa in his exposition on the Mandala of Yamari in The Nepalese Legacy in Tibetan Painting, pp. 187-190, and provides the most detailed information available on the patron: The dual-lineage figures of the painting are identified below (numbered according to the diagram): 1. Vajradhara 2. Vajravarahi 3. Mahasiddha Laksminkara 4. Mahasiddha Virupa 5. Mahasiddha Avadhutipa 6. Newar pandit, Devakaracandra or Shunyatasamadhivajra, 11th/12th century Newar pandit [P4CZ10577] 7. Newar pandit, Paindapatika Jinadatta, 10th/11th century [P4CZ15257] 8. Hungdu Karpa aka Varendraruci 9. [unidentifiable] 10. [unidentifiable] 11. [unidentifiable] 12. Manglampa Chenpo, 14th century? [P6943] 13. Sadonpa 14. [unidentifiable] 15. Kunga Lekpa aka Jangchubpa Lama Kunga Lekpa 16. Kenchen Ta[shi] Chub [unidentifiable] 17. Pandita Sadzana or Sazang Mati Panchen (1294-1376) aka Lodro Gyaltsen [P151] 18. Kunpa Cho-rin [unidentifiable] 19. Khasarpani 20. Dha Jangchub Sempa? 21. Shridhamaba? 22. Jangsem Dagyal, 12th century; “master of the avalokitesvara teachings; received the lam'bras teachings of the sa skya pa directly from sa chen kun dga' snying po“ [P1617] 23. Nying Phugpa, student of byang sem zla rgyal [P8LS13773] 24. Manglampa Chenpo, 14th century [P6943; duplicated on left side] 25. Jangchub Wang, 15th century? [P3057] 26. Jangchub Leg [unidentifiable] 27. Jangchug Choga [unidentifiable] 28. Gyaltsen Tashi [unidentifiable] 29. Wonchenpa [unidentifiable] 30. Jamgyang Tashi [unidentifiable] 31. Jangsem.... [unidentifiable] 32. Sharchen Yeshe Gyeltsen (b.1359 - d.1406), BDRC P3094 33. Jangchub Senge, 14th century [P3964] 34. Kal Wonpa [unidentifiable]

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拍品估价:250,000 - 350,000 美元 起拍价格:250,000 美元  买家佣金:
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