11-30
12-01
12-02
12-03
12-04
12-05
12-06
12-07
12-08
12-09
12-10
12-11
12-12
12-13
12-14

具体要求

其它要求

关闭

国内拍卖首页 > Sotheby's > 印度、喜马拉雅及东南亚艺术 > Lot 381

A Group of Double-sided Eighty-eight Illustrations to a Kalpasutra Manuscript, India, probably Gujarat, circa 16th Century

纽约北京时间

2021年09月20日开拍 / 2021年09月18日截止委托

上一件下一件

拍品描述

Property of a Singapore Collection
A Group of Double-sided Eighty-eight Illustrations to a Kalpasutra Manuscript
India, probably Gujarat, circa 16th Century
Pigments and ink on paper heightened with gold
4 by 11? in. (11.4 by 29.8 cm), (88), unframed
Olympia Auctions (previously 25 Blythe Road), 2013.
Spink & Son, before 1985.

The set of eighty-eight double-sided illustrations to the Kalpasutra depicting legends from the lives of the jinas, with particular focus on the story of Mahavira.
The Kalpasutra (Book of Ritual), the main canonical text in Jainism, was believed to have been composed in the fourth century BCE with numerous extrapolations added over the following millennia. It relates accounts of the lives of the 24 jinas (Conquerors) of the Jain faith, including a detailed biography of Mahavira, the last jina. The text also codifies guidelines for ascetics to follow during the monsoon season, when they rest from their travels. These teachings are read and observed by Svetambara Jains during the annual eight-day festival of Paryushan.
Most of the leaves in the present manuscript depict scenes from the jina Mahavira’s life. According to legend, for his final rebirth, Mahavira was to be born to Devananda, a Brahmin woman. However Indra was determined that jinas must be born from the Kshatriya or warrior class alone. Therefore he commanded his deer-headed general, Harinegamesi, to switch the embryos between Devananda and Queen Trishala, the pregnant wife of King Siddhartha. Queen Trishala then had fourteen auspicious dreams signifying that she would give birth to a jina. She became mother to Mahavira who distinguished himself as an ideal son since the very beginning of his gestation in her womb. At the age of 33, upon the demise of his parents, Mahavira renounced his worldly possessions and embraced a life of asceticism. The present group of illustrations depict these episodes as well as stories of the two other highly venerated jinas - Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha.
During the twelfth century, King Kumarapala the Solanki ruler of Gujarat, who was an ardent Jain, commissioned and distributed hundreds of copies of the Kalpasutra to propagate the faith throughout his realm. The early texts were illustrated and written on palm-leaf which was replaced with paper in the fifteenth Century. The elongated proportions of the palm leaves were however maintained to create manuscripts in horizontal format, such as the present lot. Scenes picturing highlights from each story are placed within compartments, some further sub-divided into registers, with lines of text on the rest of the page and numbered margins. The very first leaf depicting the crowned, enthroned and garlanded Mahavira has a lively decoration of musicians and dancers on both margins. All the figures are represented with clarity and economy of line and sumptuously illustrated with red and blue pigments embellished with gold. The faces are executed in characteristic three-quarter profile and bear an extreme, exaggerated ‘fish-eye.’
With the passage of time innumerable such manuscripts illustrating the Kalpasutra and a closely related text – the Kalakacaryakatha – were commissioned by the increasingly wealthy Jain mercantile community in Western India, to accumulate merit for themselves and their forbears. These texts were housed in temple libraries (bhandars) and over time, the act of worshipping such sacred books (jnanapuja) became part of Jain ritual practice itself.
For more discussion on Jain art and on manuscript paintings in particular, see P. Granoff, Victorious Ones: Jain Images of Perfection, Ahmedabad, 2009, J.V. Alphen, Steps to Liberation: 2500 Years of Jain Art and Religion, Antwerp, 2000, and P. Pal, The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India, New York, 1994).

---以下为第三方软件翻译，仅供参考---

本场其它拍品

竞价阶梯
快递物流
拍卖规则
支付方式

竞价区间加价幅度

100

500

100

1,000

200

2,000

250

5,000

500

10,000

1,000

20,000

2,000

50,000

5,000

100,000

10,000

Once your payment has been received and cleared, property may be released. Unless other-wise agreed by Sotheby's, all purchases must be removed by the 30th calendar day following a sale.

Collection and Delivery
Post Sale Services
+ 1 212 606 7444
FAX: + 1 212 606 7043
uspostsaleservices@sothebys.com

Shipping Services?Sotheby's offers a comprehensive shipping service to meet all of your requirements. If you received
a shipping quotation or have any questions about the services we offer please contact us.

Collecting your Property?As a courtesy to purchasers who come to Sotheby's to collect property, Sotheby's will assist in the packing of lots, although Sotheby's may, in the case of fragile articles, choose not to pack or otherwise handle a purchase.

If you are using your own shipper to collect property from Sotheby's, please provide a letter of authorization and kindly instruct your shipper that they must provide a Bill of Lading prior to collection. Both documents must be sent to Post Sale Services prior to collection.

The Bill of Lading must include: the purchaser's full name, the full delivery address including the street name and number, city and state or city and country, the sale and lot number.

Sotheby's will contact your shipper within 24 hours of receipt of the Bill of Lading to confirm the date and time that your property can be collected. Property will not be released without this confirmation and your shipper must bring the same Bill of Lading that was faxed to Sotheby's when collecting. All property releases are subject to the receipt of cleared funds.
Please see the Conditions of Sale for further details.

Endangered Species
Certain property sold at auction, for example, items made of or incorporating plant or animal materials such as coral, crocodile, ivory, whalebone, tortoiseshell, rhinoceros horn etc., irrespective of age or value, may require a license or certificate prior to exportation and additional licenses or certificates upon importation to another country. Sotheby's suggests that buyers check on their government wildlife import requirements prior to placing a bid. Please note that the ability to obtain an export license or certificate does not ensure the ability to obtain an import license or certificate in another country, and vice versa. It is the purchaser's responsibility to obtain any export or import licenses and/or certificates as well as any other required documentation. In the case of denial of any export or import license or of delay in the obtaining of such licenses, the purchaser is still responsible for making on-time payment of the total purchase price for the lot.

Although licenses can be obtained to export some types of endangered species, other types may not be exported at all, and other types may not be resold in the United States. Upon request, Sotheby's is willing to assist the purchaser in attempting to obtain the appropriate licenses and/or certificates. However, there is no assurance that an export license or certificate can be obtained. Please check with the specialist department or the Shipping Department if you are uncertain as to whether a lot is subject to these export/import license and certificate requirements, or any other restrictions on exportation.

Please see the Conditions of Sale for further details.

THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS, AS WELL AS CONDITIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND EXCLUSIONS THAT APPLY TO YOU. PLEASE READ IT CAREFULLY.

BY ACCESSING OR USING THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS (AS DEFINED BELOW), YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS OF USE (“TERMS OF USE”) (INCLUDING THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER SET FORTH HEREIN, PURSUANT TO WHICH YOU AGREE THAT DISPUTES BETWEEN YOU AND US WILL BE RESOLVED BY BINDING, INDIVIDUAL ARBITRATION (EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED HEREIN) AND YOU WAIVE YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT OR CLASS-WIDE ARBITRATION) and our Privacy Policy , AND YOU REPRESENT THAT (A) YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE TERMS OF USE AND ALL APPLICABLE LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS AND (B) YOU ARE OF LEGAL AGE TO ENTER INTO A BINDING CONTRACT. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy , you may not access or otherwise use the Digital Platforms.

The following Terms of Use are entered into by and between you and Sotheby’s (“Sotheby’s” or “we” or “us” or “our” or other similar pronouns) and, together with any documents incorporated herein by reference, govern your access to and use of the Sotheby’s website at www.sothebys.com , and the websites for Sotheby’s Wine, Sotheby’s Home, Sotheby’s Diamonds, or any other Sotheby’s website on which this is posted (each, a “Sotheby’s Website”), whether accessed through the Sotheby’s website (desktop or mobile) and/or Sotheby’s applications for mobile and tablet devices (collectively, the “Digital Platforms”).

For the avoidance of doubt, your use of certain areas, services or features of the Digital Platforms may be subject to additional terms, which will be posted or otherwise made available to you in connection with such area or feature. By way of example, your purchase of non-auction products through the Sotheby’s Digital Platforms will be governed by the applicable Terms of Sale, and your participation in online auctions shall be governed by the Conditions of Sale applicable to the relevant auction. Sotheby’s Home consignments and purchases are governed by terms located at www.sothebyshome.com .

We may change these Terms of Use from time to time, at any time without notice to you, by posting such changes on the Sotheby’s Websites. It is your responsibility to periodically check the Terms of Use. You will know if these Terms of Use have been revised since your last visit to the Digital Platforms by referring to the “Last Modified” date at the bottom of this page. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE CURRENT VERSION OF THE TERMS OF USE, YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO REFRAIN FROM ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS.

1. Electronic Communication. When you access or use the Digital Platforms, provide your e-mail address to a Sotheby’s representative, or send us e-mails, you are communicating with us electronically. In so doing, you consent to receive communications from us electronically. We will communicate with you by e-mail or by posting notices on the Digital Platforms. You agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures and other communications that we provide to you electronically satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing.

2. Proprietary Rights. As between you and Sotheby's, Sotheby's owns, solely and exclusively, all right, title and interest in and to the Digital Platforms and all elements thereof, including: all the content (including without limitation audio, images, photographs, illustrations, text, graphics, logos, button icons, other visuals, video, copy, Trademarks, etc.), software, code, data and materials used therein or available thereon; the look and feel, design and organization of the Digital Platforms; the compilation of the content, code, data and materials in the Digital Platforms; and all copyrights, trademark rights, patent rights, database rights, trade secrets, moral rights (including rights of authorship, attribution and subsequent modification) and other intellectual property and proprietary rights (whether registered or unregistered in any jurisdiction) in any of the foregoing. Your use of the Digital Platforms does not grant to you any right, title or interest in any element thereof, and Sotheby’s (or our applicable licensors, partners, or affiliates) owns and retains all right, title and interest (including all intellectual property and proprietary rights) therein and thereto.

3. Limited License. Subject to the restrictions and limitations set forth in these Terms of Use, we grant you a limited license to access and use the Digital Platforms for internal purposes of (a) accessing and viewing the content on the Digital Platforms on your computer or other Internet compatible device, including mobile devices and tablets, (b) making single copies or prints of the content on the Digital Platforms, and (c) placing bids or orders (as applicable) for products offered for auction or sale on the Digital Platforms. The Digital Platforms and the services offered on or through the Digital Platforms, including any content, software, code, data and materials thereon, are only for your own personal, non-commercial use. The Digital Platforms are not directed to children younger than 13 and are offered only to users 13 years of age or older.

4. Prohibited Use.

Any commercial distribution, publishing, use or exploitation of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms), is strictly prohibited unless you have received the express prior written permission of Sotheby's or the applicable rights holder.

Other than as expressly permitted under these Terms of Use, you may not (i) download, publish, perform, display, distribute, copy, imitate, mirror, reproduce, post, transmit, modify, adapt, edit, create derivative works from, transfer, sell, license, rent or otherwise exploit or make commercial use of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) or (ii) translate, reverse engineer, decompile, decrypt, disassemble, or convert into human readable form the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) not intended to be so read (this includes using or directly viewing the underlying HTML or other code from the Digital Platforms except as interpreted and displayed in a web browser).

As a condition of your access to and use of the Digital Platforms, you agree that you will not use the Digital Platforms or any element thereof for any purpose that is unlawful, commercial in nature (such as, for example, raising money for anyone, advertising or promoting any product, service, pyramid scheme or other venture) or prohibited by these Terms of Use, or any other purpose not permitted under these Terms of Use. You agree to abide by all applicable local, state, national and international laws, regulations and rules and not to access or use the Digital Platforms from a jurisdiction where such access or use illegal or unauthorized. By way of example, and not limitation, you agree that while using the Digital Platforms and the various services and features offered on or through the Digital Platforms, you shall not:

(a) impersonate any person or entity, whether actual or fictitious, or misrepresent your affiliation with any other person or entity;

(b) reveal any personal information about another individual, including another person's name, address, phone number, electronic mail address, credit card information or any other information that could be used to track, contact or impersonate that person;

(c) insert your own or a third party's advertising, branding or other promotional content into any of the any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms; use, redistribute, republish or exploit such content or service for any further commercial or promotional purposes; or otherwise engage in unauthorized or unsolicited advertising or marketing;

(d) engage in data mining, spidering, "screen scraping," "database scraping," harvesting of catalogue information, e-mail addresses, IP addresses or other contact or personal information, or any other automatic means of obtaining information from the Digital Platforms or through the Digital Platforms or the services offered on or through the Digital Platforms;

(e) obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems, materials or information that is not intentionally made publicly available by Sotheby’s through any means, including through password mining;

(f) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms in violation of Sotheby's or any third party's intellectual property or other proprietary or legal rights;

(g) frame or link to the Digital Platforms without our express written permission or as otherwise expressly permitted pursuant to Section 8 below;

(h) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms for purposes of money laundering, bid rigging, price fixing or other unlawful collusion, price signaling or exchange of competitively sensitive data or information;

(i) engage in activities, or use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, in a manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Digital Platforms or our (or our third-party service providers’) computing, storage or communications infrastructure, or interfere with any other party's use and enjoyment of the Digital Platforms;

(j) use or deploy any software viruses or any other computer codes, files, or programs that are designed or intended to disrupt, damage, limit or interfere with the proper function of any software, hardware or network system or to damage or obtain unauthorized access to any system, data or other information of Sotheby’s or any third party; or

(k) attempt (or encourage or enable anyone else's attempt) to engage in any of the foregoing prohibited activities or otherwise alter or interfere with the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms.

5. Trademarks. The trademarks, logos, service marks and trade names (collectively the "Trademarks") displayed on or in connection with the Digital Platforms (or on content available on the Digital Platforms) and all rights therein belong to Sotheby’s, SPTC, Inc., or our affiliates, licensors or partners, or other parties, and may not be used in any manner unless expressly authorized in writing by Sotheby’s or the applicable Trademark owner.

6. User Information; Account Registration. In the course of your use of the Digital Platforms, you may be asked to provide certain personal information to us ("User Information”), including if you choose to register a user account on the Digital Platforms. Our information collection and use policies with respect to the privacy of such User Information are set forth in the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy which are incorporated herein by reference.

We will not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from any person that is actually known to us to be a child under the age of 13. IF YOU ARE UNDER 13 YEARS OF AGE, PLEASE DO NOT USE OR ACCESS THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS AT ANY TIME OR IN ANY MANNER.

You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the accuracy and content of User Information, and you agree to keep it up to date.

You may register for an account on the Sotheby’s Websites. We may refuse to accept any application for an account registration, or may cancel any account registration at any time, in our sole discretion. Your account is personal to you, and you may not share your account information with, or allow access to your account by, any third party. You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your access credentials and other account information, and acknowledge and agree that you are and will be solely liable for any and all acts and omissions under your account, including any content that is posted or transmitted using the Digital Platforms. Without limiting the foregoing, you agree to use reasonable efforts to prevent unauthorized access to or use of your account and to preserve the confidentiality of your username and password, and any device that you use to access your account. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized use of your account or any other breach of security of which you become aware. You will be solely responsible for losses incurred by Sotheby’s and others due to any unauthorized use of your account.

7. Submitted Materials. Unless specifically requested, we do not solicit nor do we wish to receive any confidential, secret or proprietary information or other material from you through the Digital Platforms, by e-mail or in any other way. Any information, creative works, demos, ideas, suggestions, feedback, concepts, methods, systems, designs, plans, techniques or other materials submitted or sent to us ("Submitted Materials") will be deemed not to be confidential or secret, and may be used by us in any manner consistent with the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy. By submitting or sending Submitted Materials to us, you: (a) represent and warrant that the Submitted Materials are original to you, that no other party has any rights thereto (i.e., that the material you submit does not infringe the rights of a third party), and that any "moral rights" in Submitted Materials have been waived, (b) irrevocably assign to us all right, title and interest therein, and waive any rights therein that cannot be assigned to us (including moral rights), and (c) acknowledge that we have the unrestricted right to use Submitted Materials for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without compensation to you or any other person. We are not responsible for maintaining any Submitted Material that you provide to us, and we may delete or destroy any such Submitted Material at any time.

8. Linking to the Digital Platforms. You agree that if you include a link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms, such link shall: (i) not contain any logos, but rather should merely read "Sotheby's" in plain text, (ii) open in a new browser window; and (iii) link to the full version of an HTML formatted page of this Digital Platforms. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Digital Platforms or our services, such as using an "in-line" linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another web site. You are permitted to link directly to videos hosted on the Digital Platforms only with proper credit to Sotheby’s, and you may not alter the videos in any way. You agree not to download or use images hosted on the Digital Platforms on another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another site. You agree not to link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms in any manner such that the Digital Platforms, or any page of the Digital Platforms, is "framed," surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. We reserve all of our rights under the law to insist that any link to the Digital Platforms be discontinued, and to revoke your right to link to the Digital Platforms from any other web site at any time upon written notice to you. To find out more information about our linking policies, or to seek our permission, you may write to: Sotheby's, 1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, Attention: Website Management.

9. Indemnification. You agree to defend, indemnify on demand and keep Sotheby’s and our affiliates, parents, subsidiaries and each of our and their respective officers, employees, agents, partners, content providers, service providers, suppliers and licensors (collectively, the “Released Parties”) indemnified, and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all claims, liabilities, costs, losses (including without limitation consequential and indirect losses) and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising in any way from (a) your use of or reliance on the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, (b) your purchase or use of any products through the Digital Platforms, (c) your placement or transmission of any message, content, information, software or other materials through the Digital Platforms, or (d) your fraudulent or deceptive acts or omissions, or breach or violation of the law (including infringement of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity) or of these Terms of Use. We will provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding. We reserve the right, at our own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, and in such case, you agree to assist and cooperate with our defense of such claim. In any event, you shall not settle any such claim without our prior written approval.

10. Orders for Products and Services. We may make certain products available for purchase through the Digital Platforms to visitors and registrants of the Digital Platforms, including, for example, our auction catalogue. Certain products that you bid on, purchase and/or download on or through the Digital Platforms may be subject to additional terms and conditions presented to you at the time of such bidding, purchase or download.

11. Third Party Websites. The Digital Platforms may contain links or connections to Third-Party Websites, and Third-Party Websites may link to the Digital Platforms. For purposes of this Section 11, “Third-Party Websites” include all websites, mobile websites, mobile and web applications, and services owned, operated or provided by any third party, including any such website, application or service operated or provided by a third party under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates. Examples of such Third-Party Websites include artnet.com, Sotheby's International Realty, and Sotheby's Institute of Art. The inclusion in the Digital Platforms of any link to a Third-Party Website does not constitute an endorsement or sponsorship by Sotheby’s of such Third-Party Website, or the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials presented on or through such Third-Party Website. Any reliance on the contents of a Third-Party Website is done at your own risk. When you access such Third-Party Websites, you acknowledge and agree that (a) these other websites and services are not under our control and we have no responsibility for the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials provided by or through any Third-Party Website (even if the relevant website or service is owned or operated by a Sotheby’s affiliate, or under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates), (b) there are risks in accessing these Third-Party Websites, and you assume all responsibilities and consequences resulting from such risks, and under no circumstances will we be responsible for any consequences resulting from such risks or for the accuracy, legality, appropriateness or any other aspect of the content or function of such websites, and (c) additional or different Terms of Use may apply when you are accessing and using such Third-Party Websites. By using the Digital Platforms, you release and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all liability arising from your use of any such Third-Party Website or your reliance on any content, goods or services provided by the relevant third party. If there is a dispute between you and any third party, we are under no obligation to become involved. You should direct any concerns to the relevant third party.

12. Copyright Agent. We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and require that all who use the Digital Platforms do the same. If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to Sotheby's Copyright Agent, designated as such pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(2), named below:

(a) Your address, telephone number, and email address;

(b) A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;

(c) A description of where the alleged infringing material is located;

(d) A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;

(e) An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and

(f) A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.

Copyright Agent:
General Counsel
Sotheby's
1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
E-mail: copyright@sothebys.com

13. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS, AS WELL AS CONDITIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND EXCLUSIONS THAT APPLY TO YOU. PLEASE READ IT CAREFULLY.

BY ACCESSING OR USING THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS (AS DEFINED BELOW), YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THESE TERMS OF USE (“TERMS OF USE”) (INCLUDING THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER SET FORTH HEREIN, PURSUANT TO WHICH YOU AGREE THAT DISPUTES BETWEEN YOU AND US WILL BE RESOLVED BY BINDING, INDIVIDUAL ARBITRATION (EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED HEREIN) AND YOU WAIVE YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT OR CLASS-WIDE ARBITRATION) and our Privacy Policy , AND YOU REPRESENT THAT (A) YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE TERMS OF USE AND ALL APPLICABLE LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS AND (B) YOU ARE OF LEGAL AGE TO ENTER INTO A BINDING CONTRACT. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy , you may not access or otherwise use the Digital Platforms.

The following Terms of Use are entered into by and between you and Sotheby’s (“Sotheby’s” or “we” or “us” or “our” or other similar pronouns) and, together with any documents incorporated herein by reference, govern your access to and use of the Sotheby’s website at www.sothebys.com , and the websites for Sotheby’s Wine, Sotheby’s Home, Sotheby’s Diamonds, or any other Sotheby’s website on which this is posted (each, a “Sotheby’s Website”), whether accessed through the Sotheby’s website (desktop or mobile) and/or Sotheby’s applications for mobile and tablet devices (collectively, the “Digital Platforms”).

For the avoidance of doubt, your use of certain areas, services or features of the Digital Platforms may be subject to additional terms, which will be posted or otherwise made available to you in connection with such area or feature. By way of example, your purchase of non-auction products through the Sotheby’s Digital Platforms will be governed by the applicable Terms of Sale, and your participation in online auctions shall be governed by the Conditions of Sale applicable to the relevant auction. Sotheby’s Home consignments and purchases are governed by terms located at www.sothebyshome.com .

We may change these Terms of Use from time to time, at any time without notice to you, by posting such changes on the Sotheby’s Websites. It is your responsibility to periodically check the Terms of Use. You will know if these Terms of Use have been revised since your last visit to the Digital Platforms by referring to the “Last Modified” date at the bottom of this page. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE CURRENT VERSION OF THE TERMS OF USE, YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO REFRAIN FROM ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS.

1. Electronic Communication. When you access or use the Digital Platforms, provide your e-mail address to a Sotheby’s representative, or send us e-mails, you are communicating with us electronically. In so doing, you consent to receive communications from us electronically. We will communicate with you by e-mail or by posting notices on the Digital Platforms. You agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures and other communications that we provide to you electronically satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing.

2. Proprietary Rights. As between you and Sotheby's, Sotheby's owns, solely and exclusively, all right, title and interest in and to the Digital Platforms and all elements thereof, including: all the content (including without limitation audio, images, photographs, illustrations, text, graphics, logos, button icons, other visuals, video, copy, Trademarks, etc.), software, code, data and materials used therein or available thereon; the look and feel, design and organization of the Digital Platforms; the compilation of the content, code, data and materials in the Digital Platforms; and all copyrights, trademark rights, patent rights, database rights, trade secrets, moral rights (including rights of authorship, attribution and subsequent modification) and other intellectual property and proprietary rights (whether registered or unregistered in any jurisdiction) in any of the foregoing. Your use of the Digital Platforms does not grant to you any right, title or interest in any element thereof, and Sotheby’s (or our applicable licensors, partners, or affiliates) owns and retains all right, title and interest (including all intellectual property and proprietary rights) therein and thereto.

3. Limited License. Subject to the restrictions and limitations set forth in these Terms of Use, we grant you a limited license to access and use the Digital Platforms for internal purposes of (a) accessing and viewing the content on the Digital Platforms on your computer or other Internet compatible device, including mobile devices and tablets, (b) making single copies or prints of the content on the Digital Platforms, and (c) placing bids or orders (as applicable) for products offered for auction or sale on the Digital Platforms. The Digital Platforms and the services offered on or through the Digital Platforms, including any content, software, code, data and materials thereon, are only for your own personal, non-commercial use. The Digital Platforms are not directed to children younger than 13 and are offered only to users 13 years of age or older.

4. Prohibited Use.

Any commercial distribution, publishing, use or exploitation of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms), is strictly prohibited unless you have received the express prior written permission of Sotheby's or the applicable rights holder.

Other than as expressly permitted under these Terms of Use, you may not (i) download, publish, perform, display, distribute, copy, imitate, mirror, reproduce, post, transmit, modify, adapt, edit, create derivative works from, transfer, sell, license, rent or otherwise exploit or make commercial use of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) or (ii) translate, reverse engineer, decompile, decrypt, disassemble, or convert into human readable form the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) not intended to be so read (this includes using or directly viewing the underlying HTML or other code from the Digital Platforms except as interpreted and displayed in a web browser).

As a condition of your access to and use of the Digital Platforms, you agree that you will not use the Digital Platforms or any element thereof for any purpose that is unlawful, commercial in nature (such as, for example, raising money for anyone, advertising or promoting any product, service, pyramid scheme or other venture) or prohibited by these Terms of Use, or any other purpose not permitted under these Terms of Use. You agree to abide by all applicable local, state, national and international laws, regulations and rules and not to access or use the Digital Platforms from a jurisdiction where such access or use illegal or unauthorized. By way of example, and not limitation, you agree that while using the Digital Platforms and the various services and features offered on or through the Digital Platforms, you shall not:

(a) impersonate any person or entity, whether actual or fictitious, or misrepresent your affiliation with any other person or entity;

(b) reveal any personal information about another individual, including another person's name, address, phone number, electronic mail address, credit card information or any other information that could be used to track, contact or impersonate that person;

(c) insert your own or a third party's advertising, branding or other promotional content into any of the any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms; use, redistribute, republish or exploit such content or service for any further commercial or promotional purposes; or otherwise engage in unauthorized or unsolicited advertising or marketing;

(d) engage in data mining, spidering, "screen scraping," "database scraping," harvesting of catalogue information, e-mail addresses, IP addresses or other contact or personal information, or any other automatic means of obtaining information from the Digital Platforms or through the Digital Platforms or the services offered on or through the Digital Platforms;

(e) obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems, materials or information that is not intentionally made publicly available by Sotheby’s through any means, including through password mining;

(f) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms in violation of Sotheby's or any third party's intellectual property or other proprietary or legal rights;

(g) frame or link to the Digital Platforms without our express written permission or as otherwise expressly permitted pursuant to Section 8 below;

(h) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms for purposes of money laundering, bid rigging, price fixing or other unlawful collusion, price signaling or exchange of competitively sensitive data or information;

(i) engage in activities, or use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, in a manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Digital Platforms or our (or our third-party service providers’) computing, storage or communications infrastructure, or interfere with any other party's use and enjoyment of the Digital Platforms;

(j) use or deploy any software viruses or any other computer codes, files, or programs that are designed or intended to disrupt, damage, limit or interfere with the proper function of any software, hardware or network system or to damage or obtain unauthorized access to any system, data or other information of Sotheby’s or any third party; or

(k) attempt (or encourage or enable anyone else's attempt) to engage in any of the foregoing prohibited activities or otherwise alter or interfere with the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms.

5. Trademarks. The trademarks, logos, service marks and trade names (collectively the "Trademarks") displayed on or in connection with the Digital Platforms (or on content available on the Digital Platforms) and all rights therein belong to Sotheby’s, SPTC, Inc., or our affiliates, licensors or partners, or other parties, and may not be used in any manner unless expressly authorized in writing by Sotheby’s or the applicable Trademark owner.

6. User Information; Account Registration. In the course of your use of the Digital Platforms, you may be asked to provide certain personal information to us ("User Information”), including if you choose to register a user account on the Digital Platforms. Our information collection and use policies with respect to the privacy of such User Information are set forth in the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy which are incorporated herein by reference.

We will not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from any person that is actually known to us to be a child under the age of 13. IF YOU ARE UNDER 13 YEARS OF AGE, PLEASE DO NOT USE OR ACCESS THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS AT ANY TIME OR IN ANY MANNER.

You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the accuracy and content of User Information, and you agree to keep it up to date.

You may register for an account on the Sotheby’s Websites. We may refuse to accept any application for an account registration, or may cancel any account registration at any time, in our sole discretion. Your account is personal to you, and you may not share your account information with, or allow access to your account by, any third party. You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your access credentials and other account information, and acknowledge and agree that you are and will be solely liable for any and all acts and omissions under your account, including any content that is posted or transmitted using the Digital Platforms. Without limiting the foregoing, you agree to use reasonable efforts to prevent unauthorized access to or use of your account and to preserve the confidentiality of your username and password, and any device that you use to access your account. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized use of your account or any other breach of security of which you become aware. You will be solely responsible for losses incurred by Sotheby’s and others due to any unauthorized use of your account.

7. Submitted Materials. Unless specifically requested, we do not solicit nor do we wish to receive any confidential, secret or proprietary information or other material from you through the Digital Platforms, by e-mail or in any other way. Any information, creative works, demos, ideas, suggestions, feedback, concepts, methods, systems, designs, plans, techniques or other materials submitted or sent to us ("Submitted Materials") will be deemed not to be confidential or secret, and may be used by us in any manner consistent with the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy. By submitting or sending Submitted Materials to us, you: (a) represent and warrant that the Submitted Materials are original to you, that no other party has any rights thereto (i.e., that the material you submit does not infringe the rights of a third party), and that any "moral rights" in Submitted Materials have been waived, (b) irrevocably assign to us all right, title and interest therein, and waive any rights therein that cannot be assigned to us (including moral rights), and (c) acknowledge that we have the unrestricted right to use Submitted Materials for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without compensation to you or any other person. We are not responsible for maintaining any Submitted Material that you provide to us, and we may delete or destroy any such Submitted Material at any time.

8. Linking to the Digital Platforms. You agree that if you include a link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms, such link shall: (i) not contain any logos, but rather should merely read "Sotheby's" in plain text, (ii) open in a new browser window; and (iii) link to the full version of an HTML formatted page of this Digital Platforms. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Digital Platforms or our services, such as using an "in-line" linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another web site. You are permitted to link directly to videos hosted on the Digital Platforms only with proper credit to Sotheby’s, and you may not alter the videos in any way. You agree not to download or use images hosted on the Digital Platforms on another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another site. You agree not to link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms in any manner such that the Digital Platforms, or any page of the Digital Platforms, is "framed," surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. We reserve all of our rights under the law to insist that any link to the Digital Platforms be discontinued, and to revoke your right to link to the Digital Platforms from any other web site at any time upon written notice to you. To find out more information about our linking policies, or to seek our permission, you may write to: Sotheby's, 1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, Attention: Website Management.

9. Indemnification. You agree to defend, indemnify on demand and keep Sotheby’s and our affiliates, parents, subsidiaries and each of our and their respective officers, employees, agents, partners, content providers, service providers, suppliers and licensors (collectively, the “Released Parties”) indemnified, and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all claims, liabilities, costs, losses (including without limitation consequential and indirect losses) and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising in any way from (a) your use of or reliance on the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, (b) your purchase or use of any products through the Digital Platforms, (c) your placement or transmission of any message, content, information, software or other materials through the Digital Platforms, or (d) your fraudulent or deceptive acts or omissions, or breach or violation of the law (including infringement of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity) or of these Terms of Use. We will provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding. We reserve the right, at our own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, and in such case, you agree to assist and cooperate with our defense of such claim. In any event, you shall not settle any such claim without our prior written approval.

10. Orders for Products and Services. We may make certain products available for purchase through the Digital Platforms to visitors and registrants of the Digital Platforms, including, for example, our auction catalogue. Certain products that you bid on, purchase and/or download on or through the Digital Platforms may be subject to additional terms and conditions presented to you at the time of such bidding, purchase or download.

11. Third Party Websites. The Digital Platforms may contain links or connections to Third-Party Websites, and Third-Party Websites may link to the Digital Platforms. For purposes of this Section 11, “Third-Party Websites” include all websites, mobile websites, mobile and web applications, and services owned, operated or provided by any third party, including any such website, application or service operated or provided by a third party under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates. Examples of such Third-Party Websites include artnet.com, Sotheby's International Realty, and Sotheby's Institute of Art. The inclusion in the Digital Platforms of any link to a Third-Party Website does not constitute an endorsement or sponsorship by Sotheby’s of such Third-Party Website, or the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials presented on or through such Third-Party Website. Any reliance on the contents of a Third-Party Website is done at your own risk. When you access such Third-Party Websites, you acknowledge and agree that (a) these other websites and services are not under our control and we have no responsibility for the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials provided by or through any Third-Party Website (even if the relevant website or service is owned or operated by a Sotheby’s affiliate, or under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates), (b) there are risks in accessing these Third-Party Websites, and you assume all responsibilities and consequences resulting from such risks, and under no circumstances will we be responsible for any consequences resulting from such risks or for the accuracy, legality, appropriateness or any other aspect of the content or function of such websites, and (c) additional or different Terms of Use may apply when you are accessing and using such Third-Party Websites. By using the Digital Platforms, you release and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all liability arising from your use of any such Third-Party Website or your reliance on any content, goods or services provided by the relevant third party. If there is a dispute between you and any third party, we are under no obligation to become involved. You should direct any concerns to the relevant third party.

12. Copyright Agent. We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and require that all who use the Digital Platforms do the same. If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to Sotheby's Copyright Agent, designated as such pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(2), named below:

(a) Your address, telephone number, and email address;

(b) A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;

(c) A description of where the alleged infringing material is located;

(d) A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;

(e) An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and

(f) A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.

Copyright Agent:
General Counsel
Sotheby's
1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
E-mail: copyright@sothebys.com

13. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES.

YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, AND THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND ALL SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS ARE PROVIDED ON AN “ AS IS ” AND “ AS AVAILABLE ” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, INTEGRATION, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES IMPLIED BY ANY COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE, ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED.

WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, THE RELEASED PARTIES (I) MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES ORDERED OR PROVIDED VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, AND (II) HEREBY DISCLAIM, AND YOU HEREBY WAIVE, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT THERETO, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS MADE IN PRODUCT OR SERVICES LITERATURE, FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS DOCUMENTS OR OTHERWISE ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH SOTHEBY'S OR ITS AGENTS. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR, AND ASSUME ALL RISKS RELATED TO, THE HANDLING, STORAGE, AND USE OF ANY PRODUCTS MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS.

THE RELEASED PARTIES FURTHER DO NOT WARRANT OR GUARANTEE THAT:

(A) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR ANY SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE QUALITY OF ANY GOODS, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES AVAILABLE ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS;

(B) ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED WILL BE TIMELY, ACCURATE, RELIABLE, PRECISE, THOROUGH, CORRECT OR COMPLETE;

(C) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR ANY SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE AVAILABLE AT ANY PARTICULAR TIME OR PLACE, UNINTERRUPTED, TIMELY, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE;

(D) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE CORRECTED;

(E) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS; OR

(F) ANY PARTICULAR RESULT OR OUTCOME CAN BE ACHIEVED OR THAT THE RESULTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE.

14. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY RELEASED PARTY BE LIABLE, WHETHER IN AN ACTION BASED ON A CONTRACT INDEMNIFICATION, OBLIGATION, TORT (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION NEGLIGENCE), COLLATERALLY OR ARISING FROM ANY STATUTORY DUTY, PRE-CONTRACT OR OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, OR OTHERWISE, HOWEVER ARISING, FOR ANY ECONOMIC LOSSES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF REVENUES, PROFITS, CONTRACTS, BUSINESS, GOODWILL OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS) OR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARISING FROM, OR DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RELATED TO (A) ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, (B) THE USE OF, OR THE INABILITY TO USE, THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR THE CONTENT, MATERIALS, INFORMATION, FUNCTIONS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, (C) YOUR PROVISION OF INFORMATION VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS; (D) ANY INACCURACY OR OMISSION CONCERNING ANY OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS; (E) ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, EXCHANGED OR RECEIVED BY OR ON BEHALF OF ANY USER OR OTHER PERSON ON OR THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, OR (F) LOST BUSINESS OR LOST SALES, EVEN IF SUCH RELEASED PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, ANY MATERIALS, DATA, TEXT, IMAGES, VIDEO, AUDIO OR SOFTWARE DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS ARE ACCESSED, DOWNLOADED OR OBTAINED AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK, AND YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM, MOBILE DEVICE OR OTHER PROPERTY THAT RESULTS THEREFROM OR FROM YOUR USE OF ANY SUCH MATERIALS.

SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO SOME OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO CERTAIN USERS.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE RELEASED PARTIES FOR ALL DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING FROM THESE TERMS OF USE OR YOUR USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR THE CONTENT, MATERIALS, INFORMATION, FUNCTIONS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS EXCEED, IN THE AGGREGATE, FIFTY DOLLARS ($50.00).

15. Dispute Resolution. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED UNDER THESE TERMS OF USE, ALL DISPUTES AND CLAIMS BETWEEN YOU AND SOTHEBY’S THAT ARISE OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH, OR RELATE TO, THESE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE RESOLVED, AT THE FILING PARTY'S ELECTION, IN EITHER A SMALL CLAIMS COURT OR BY FINAL AND BINDING ARBITRATION ADMINISTERED BY THE AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION UNDER ITS COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION RULES AND SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES FOR CONSUMER-RELATED DISPUTES, WHICH ARBITRATION SHALL TAKE PLACE IN NEW YORK, NEW YORK. ALL DISPUTES IN ARBITRATION WILL BE HANDLED SOLELY BETWEEN THE NAMED PARTIES, AND NOT ON ANY REPRESENTATIVE OR CLASS BASIS. FURTHER, UNLESS BOTH YOU AND SOTHEBY’SAGREE OTHERWISE, THE ARBITRATOR MAY NOT CONSOLIDATE MORE THAN ONE PERSON'S CLAIMS, AND MAY NOT OTHERWISE PRESIDE OVER ANY FORM OF A REPRESENTATIVE OR CLASS PROCEEDING. THE ARBITRATOR MAY AWARD DECLARATORY OR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF ONLY IN FAVOR OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARTY SEEKING RELIEF AND ONLY TO THE EXTENT NECESSARY TO PROVIDE RELIEF WARRANTED BY THAT PARTY'S INDIVIDUAL CLAIM WITHOUT AFFECTING OTHER INDIVIDUALS.

YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT ANY DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEEDINGS, WHETHER IN ARBITRATION OR COURT, WILL BE CONDUCTED ONLY ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS AND NOT IN A CLASS OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION OR AS A NAMED OR UNNAMED MEMBER IN A CLASS, CONSOLIDATED, REPRESENTATIVE OR PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL ACTION, UNLESS BOTH YOU AND SOTHEBY’S SPECIFICALLY AGREE TO DO SO IN WRITING FOLLOWING INITIATION OF THE ARBITRATION. THIS PROVISION DOES NOT PRECLUDE YOUR PARTICIPATION AS A MEMBER IN A CLASS ACTION FILED ON OR BEFORE AUGUST 20, 2011. THIS PROVISION IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE EXTENT SUCH WAIVER IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.

YOU UNDERSTAND THAT YOU AND SOTHEBY’S ARE AGREEING TO GIVE UP ANY RIGHTS TO LITIGATE CLAIMS BEFORE A JURY.

16. Local Standards. We do not represent or warrant that the Digital Platforms or any content, materials, information, functions or products available through the Digital Platforms are appropriate for use in all locations. Persons who choose to access the Digital Platforms do so on their own initiative, and are responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.

17. Termination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in these Terms of Use, we may cancel any order, terminate your access to all or any part of the Digital Platforms at any time, and/or block or prevent future access to and use of the Digital Platforms, in each case with or without cause, with or without notice and without attendant liability, effective immediately. Upon any termination, all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall cease and you shall immediately cease using the Digital Platforms, except that (a) all obligations that accrued prior to the effective date of termination (including without limitation, all payment obligations) and all remedies for breach of these Terms of Use shall survive and (b) the provisions of these Terms of Use that by their nature are intended to survive termination shall so survive. We maintain a policy that provides for the termination in appropriate circumstances of the Digital Platforms use privileges of users who are repeat infringers of intellectual property rights.

18. Miscellaneous. The Terms of Use incorporate the applicable Privacy Policy and any other terms applying to your use of the Sotheby’s Website by reference. These Terms of Use and the relationship between you and us shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflict of law provisions. You agree that any cause of action that may arise under the Terms of Use shall be commenced and be heard in the appropriate court in the State of New York, County of New York. Subject to the terms of Section 15 above (Dispute Resolution), you agree to submit to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within New York County in the State of New York. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. Except as otherwise set forth herein, these Terms of Use may only be amended by a written agreement executed by you and an authorized representative of Sotheby’s specifically referencing these Terms of Use. Any waiver of any provision of these Terms of Use by Sotheby's must be made in writing and signed by an authorized representative of Sotheby's and the provision to be waived. Headings used in these Terms of Use are for convenience only and are not to be relied upon. If any provision of the Terms of Use is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the Terms of Use remain in full force and effect. These Terms of Use will inure to the benefit of, and are intended to be enforceable by, Sotheby's successors, assigns and licensees. There are no third party beneficiaries to this Agreement.

19. Further Inquiries. You may direct questions about these Terms of Use, or other issues, to:

Sotheby's
1334 York Avenue
New York, New York 10021
Attn: Website Management

Last Modified: April 26, 2019