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国内拍卖首页 > Sotheby's > 印度、喜马拉雅及东南亚艺术 > Lot 373

A Monumental Lacquered and Polychrome Wood Figure of Buddha, Burma, Pagan, circa 13th Century

纽约北京时间

2021年09月20日开拍 / 2021年09月18日截止委托

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拍品描述

Indian & Southeast Asian Art from the MacLean Collection
A Monumental Lacquered and Polychrome Wood Figure of Buddha
Burma, Pagan, circa 13th Century
Height 61? in. (156.5 cm)
The standing polychromed and lacquered wooden sculpture of the Buddha with his upper garment or sanghati draped over both shoulders, one end gathered in his proper left hand held at the chest, the other pendent by his side with the palm displaying varada mudra or the gesture of benevolence. The Buddha’s face with downcast eyes and slightly smiling lips radiates serenity. He is adorned in an elaborate suite of jewelry which includes a tall, lobed crown, earrings, and a large beaded and embellished pectoral.
Sotheby’s New York, 2nd September 1997, lot 149.?

Buddhism was likely established in Myanmar around the middle of the first millennium, brought there by monks and traders from India. During this period Lower Myanmar was under the Mon people, while Upper Myanmar was ruled by the Pyu. At the beginning of the second millennium these two major ethnic groups were overrun by Bamar-speaking peoples who, under the leadership of King Anawrahta, unified the two regions and established their capital overlooking the Irrawaddy River at Pagan in the eleventh century.
In this ethnically diverse and cosmopolitan hub, guided by the precepts of Theravada Buddhism and enriched by territorial expansion and trade, a frenzied building program was undertaken which resulted in the construction of over two thousand brick temples, stupas, and monasteries. Ornamented by painters, sculptors and architects with murals and images in stone, stucco and wood, the art of Pagan forged a unique and distinctive aesthetic which created the basis for succeeding styles of Burmese art.
Owing to historical and environmental factors very few extant images in wood such as the present sculpture have survived. Such large scale images, likely inset into niches in door panels, were an integral part of the ambitious architectural program at Pagan. See Theodore Bowie (ed), The Sculpture of Thailand, Asia Society, 1972, cat 79, pp. 126-127 for a pair of slightly-later, seventeenth century door panels from Thailand with similarly tall inset wooden figures of guardians. The short-necked yet sinuous, elongated form with crisp, elegant lines was a hallmark of the mature Pagan style and is echoed in a late-thirteenth century mural painting depicting a dvarapala in the Thambula temple, see Paul Strachan, Pagan: Art and Architecture of Old Burma, Arran, 1989, no. 139, p. 134. A strikingly similar sculpture of the Buddha, also in wood and from the same period, is in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession no. 1992.382.
The convention of depicting the Buddha as a Chakravartin or Universal Monarch, clad in humble monk’s robes yet anointed with precious ornaments and crown, is very likely connected to the trikaya doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism. Such images are first encountered in eastern India in the eleventh century from where the idea was undoubtedly transmitted to neighboring realms. This idea, which is explained by Professor Otto Karow in O. Karow, Burmese Buddhist Sculpture: The Johan M?ger Collection, Bangkok, 1991, p. 2, posits that the combination of royal regalia worn over the bhikshu (monk’s) attire, unites the manifest form (nirmankaya) of the historical Buddha with his elevated form (sambhogakaya) which may only be spiritually experienced or enjoyed but is hard to visually represent. This hybrid concept and image of the Chakravartin went on to serve as the basis for the cult of the God King or Devaraja on which successive dynasties of rulers in Southeast Asia fashioned their reign.

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Any commercial distribution, publishing, use or exploitation of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms), is strictly prohibited unless you have received the express prior written permission of Sotheby's or the applicable rights holder.

Other than as expressly permitted under these Terms of Use, you may not (i) download, publish, perform, display, distribute, copy, imitate, mirror, reproduce, post, transmit, modify, adapt, edit, create derivative works from, transfer, sell, license, rent or otherwise exploit or make commercial use of the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) or (ii) translate, reverse engineer, decompile, decrypt, disassemble, or convert into human readable form the Digital Platforms or any element thereof (including any content, software, code, data or materials used in or available on the Digital Platforms) not intended to be so read (this includes using or directly viewing the underlying HTML or other code from the Digital Platforms except as interpreted and displayed in a web browser).

As a condition of your access to and use of the Digital Platforms, you agree that you will not use the Digital Platforms or any element thereof for any purpose that is unlawful, commercial in nature (such as, for example, raising money for anyone, advertising or promoting any product, service, pyramid scheme or other venture) or prohibited by these Terms of Use, or any other purpose not permitted under these Terms of Use. You agree to abide by all applicable local, state, national and international laws, regulations and rules and not to access or use the Digital Platforms from a jurisdiction where such access or use illegal or unauthorized. By way of example, and not limitation, you agree that while using the Digital Platforms and the various services and features offered on or through the Digital Platforms, you shall not:

(a) impersonate any person or entity, whether actual or fictitious, or misrepresent your affiliation with any other person or entity;

(b) reveal any personal information about another individual, including another person's name, address, phone number, electronic mail address, credit card information or any other information that could be used to track, contact or impersonate that person;

(c) insert your own or a third party's advertising, branding or other promotional content into any of the any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms; use, redistribute, republish or exploit such content or service for any further commercial or promotional purposes; or otherwise engage in unauthorized or unsolicited advertising or marketing;

(d) engage in data mining, spidering, "screen scraping," "database scraping," harvesting of catalogue information, e-mail addresses, IP addresses or other contact or personal information, or any other automatic means of obtaining information from the Digital Platforms or through the Digital Platforms or the services offered on or through the Digital Platforms;

(e) obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems, materials or information that is not intentionally made publicly available by Sotheby’s through any means, including through password mining;

(f) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms in violation of Sotheby's or any third party's intellectual property or other proprietary or legal rights;

(g) frame or link to the Digital Platforms without our express written permission or as otherwise expressly permitted pursuant to Section 8 below;

(h) use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms for purposes of money laundering, bid rigging, price fixing or other unlawful collusion, price signaling or exchange of competitively sensitive data or information;

(i) engage in activities, or use the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, in a manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Digital Platforms or our (or our third-party service providers’) computing, storage or communications infrastructure, or interfere with any other party's use and enjoyment of the Digital Platforms;

(j) use or deploy any software viruses or any other computer codes, files, or programs that are designed or intended to disrupt, damage, limit or interfere with the proper function of any software, hardware or network system or to damage or obtain unauthorized access to any system, data or other information of Sotheby’s or any third party; or

(k) attempt (or encourage or enable anyone else's attempt) to engage in any of the foregoing prohibited activities or otherwise alter or interfere with the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms.

5. Trademarks. The trademarks, logos, service marks and trade names (collectively the "Trademarks") displayed on or in connection with the Digital Platforms (or on content available on the Digital Platforms) and all rights therein belong to Sotheby’s, SPTC, Inc., or our affiliates, licensors or partners, or other parties, and may not be used in any manner unless expressly authorized in writing by Sotheby’s or the applicable Trademark owner.

6. User Information; Account Registration. In the course of your use of the Digital Platforms, you may be asked to provide certain personal information to us ("User Information”), including if you choose to register a user account on the Digital Platforms. Our information collection and use policies with respect to the privacy of such User Information are set forth in the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy which are incorporated herein by reference.

We will not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from any person that is actually known to us to be a child under the age of 13. IF YOU ARE UNDER 13 YEARS OF AGE, PLEASE DO NOT USE OR ACCESS THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS AT ANY TIME OR IN ANY MANNER.

You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the accuracy and content of User Information, and you agree to keep it up to date.

You may register for an account on the Sotheby’s Websites. We may refuse to accept any application for an account registration, or may cancel any account registration at any time, in our sole discretion. Your account is personal to you, and you may not share your account information with, or allow access to your account by, any third party. You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your access credentials and other account information, and acknowledge and agree that you are and will be solely liable for any and all acts and omissions under your account, including any content that is posted or transmitted using the Digital Platforms. Without limiting the foregoing, you agree to use reasonable efforts to prevent unauthorized access to or use of your account and to preserve the confidentiality of your username and password, and any device that you use to access your account. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized use of your account or any other breach of security of which you become aware. You will be solely responsible for losses incurred by Sotheby’s and others due to any unauthorized use of your account.

7. Submitted Materials. Unless specifically requested, we do not solicit nor do we wish to receive any confidential, secret or proprietary information or other material from you through the Digital Platforms, by e-mail or in any other way. Any information, creative works, demos, ideas, suggestions, feedback, concepts, methods, systems, designs, plans, techniques or other materials submitted or sent to us ("Submitted Materials") will be deemed not to be confidential or secret, and may be used by us in any manner consistent with the relevant Sotheby’s Privacy Policy. By submitting or sending Submitted Materials to us, you: (a) represent and warrant that the Submitted Materials are original to you, that no other party has any rights thereto (i.e., that the material you submit does not infringe the rights of a third party), and that any "moral rights" in Submitted Materials have been waived, (b) irrevocably assign to us all right, title and interest therein, and waive any rights therein that cannot be assigned to us (including moral rights), and (c) acknowledge that we have the unrestricted right to use Submitted Materials for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without compensation to you or any other person. We are not responsible for maintaining any Submitted Material that you provide to us, and we may delete or destroy any such Submitted Material at any time.

8. Linking to the Digital Platforms. You agree that if you include a link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms, such link shall: (i) not contain any logos, but rather should merely read "Sotheby's" in plain text, (ii) open in a new browser window; and (iii) link to the full version of an HTML formatted page of this Digital Platforms. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Digital Platforms or our services, such as using an "in-line" linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another web site. You are permitted to link directly to videos hosted on the Digital Platforms only with proper credit to Sotheby’s, and you may not alter the videos in any way. You agree not to download or use images hosted on the Digital Platforms on another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another site. You agree not to link from any other web site to the Digital Platforms in any manner such that the Digital Platforms, or any page of the Digital Platforms, is "framed," surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. We reserve all of our rights under the law to insist that any link to the Digital Platforms be discontinued, and to revoke your right to link to the Digital Platforms from any other web site at any time upon written notice to you. To find out more information about our linking policies, or to seek our permission, you may write to: Sotheby's, 1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, Attention: Website Management.

9. Indemnification. You agree to defend, indemnify on demand and keep Sotheby’s and our affiliates, parents, subsidiaries and each of our and their respective officers, employees, agents, partners, content providers, service providers, suppliers and licensors (collectively, the “Released Parties”) indemnified, and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all claims, liabilities, costs, losses (including without limitation consequential and indirect losses) and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising in any way from (a) your use of or reliance on the Digital Platforms or any services, content, functions, information, materials or products available through the Digital Platforms, (b) your purchase or use of any products through the Digital Platforms, (c) your placement or transmission of any message, content, information, software or other materials through the Digital Platforms, or (d) your fraudulent or deceptive acts or omissions, or breach or violation of the law (including infringement of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity) or of these Terms of Use. We will provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding. We reserve the right, at our own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, and in such case, you agree to assist and cooperate with our defense of such claim. In any event, you shall not settle any such claim without our prior written approval.

10. Orders for Products and Services. We may make certain products available for purchase through the Digital Platforms to visitors and registrants of the Digital Platforms, including, for example, our auction catalogue. Certain products that you bid on, purchase and/or download on or through the Digital Platforms may be subject to additional terms and conditions presented to you at the time of such bidding, purchase or download.

11. Third Party Websites. The Digital Platforms may contain links or connections to Third-Party Websites, and Third-Party Websites may link to the Digital Platforms. For purposes of this Section 11, “Third-Party Websites” include all websites, mobile websites, mobile and web applications, and services owned, operated or provided by any third party, including any such website, application or service operated or provided by a third party under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates. Examples of such Third-Party Websites include artnet.com, Sotheby's International Realty, and Sotheby's Institute of Art. The inclusion in the Digital Platforms of any link to a Third-Party Website does not constitute an endorsement or sponsorship by Sotheby’s of such Third-Party Website, or the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials presented on or through such Third-Party Website. Any reliance on the contents of a Third-Party Website is done at your own risk. When you access such Third-Party Websites, you acknowledge and agree that (a) these other websites and services are not under our control and we have no responsibility for the information, content, products, services, advertising, code or other materials provided by or through any Third-Party Website (even if the relevant website or service is owned or operated by a Sotheby’s affiliate, or under license from Sotheby’s or any of our affiliates), (b) there are risks in accessing these Third-Party Websites, and you assume all responsibilities and consequences resulting from such risks, and under no circumstances will we be responsible for any consequences resulting from such risks or for the accuracy, legality, appropriateness or any other aspect of the content or function of such websites, and (c) additional or different Terms of Use may apply when you are accessing and using such Third-Party Websites. By using the Digital Platforms, you release and hold the Released Parties harmless from any and all liability arising from your use of any such Third-Party Website or your reliance on any content, goods or services provided by the relevant third party. If there is a dispute between you and any third party, we are under no obligation to become involved. You should direct any concerns to the relevant third party.

12. Copyright Agent. We respect the intellectual property rights of others, and require that all who use the Digital Platforms do the same. If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to Sotheby's Copyright Agent, designated as such pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(2), named below:

(a) Your address, telephone number, and email address;

(b) A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;

(c) A description of where the alleged infringing material is located;

(d) A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law;

(e) An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and

(f) A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your Notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.

Copyright Agent:
General Counsel
Sotheby's
1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
E-mail: copyright@sothebys.com

13. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES.

YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, AND THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND ALL SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS ARE PROVIDED ON AN “ AS IS ” AND “ AS AVAILABLE ” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, INTEGRATION, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES IMPLIED BY ANY COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE, ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED.

WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, THE RELEASED PARTIES (I) MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES ORDERED OR PROVIDED VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, AND (II) HEREBY DISCLAIM, AND YOU HEREBY WAIVE, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT THERETO, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS MADE IN PRODUCT OR SERVICES LITERATURE, FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS DOCUMENTS OR OTHERWISE ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH SOTHEBY'S OR ITS AGENTS. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR, AND ASSUME ALL RISKS RELATED TO, THE HANDLING, STORAGE, AND USE OF ANY PRODUCTS MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS.

THE RELEASED PARTIES FURTHER DO NOT WARRANT OR GUARANTEE THAT:

(A) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR ANY SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE QUALITY OF ANY GOODS, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES AVAILABLE ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS;

(B) ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED WILL BE TIMELY, ACCURATE, RELIABLE, PRECISE, THOROUGH, CORRECT OR COMPLETE;

(C) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR ANY SERVICES, CONTENT, FUNCTIONS, INFORMATION, MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE AVAILABLE AT ANY PARTICULAR TIME OR PLACE, UNINTERRUPTED, TIMELY, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE;

(D) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE CORRECTED;

(E) THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS; OR

(F) ANY PARTICULAR RESULT OR OUTCOME CAN BE ACHIEVED OR THAT THE RESULTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE.

14. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY RELEASED PARTY BE LIABLE, WHETHER IN AN ACTION BASED ON A CONTRACT INDEMNIFICATION, OBLIGATION, TORT (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION NEGLIGENCE), COLLATERALLY OR ARISING FROM ANY STATUTORY DUTY, PRE-CONTRACT OR OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, OR OTHERWISE, HOWEVER ARISING, FOR ANY ECONOMIC LOSSES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF REVENUES, PROFITS, CONTRACTS, BUSINESS, GOODWILL OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS) OR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARISING FROM, OR DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RELATED TO (A) ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, (B) THE USE OF, OR THE INABILITY TO USE, THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR THE CONTENT, MATERIALS, INFORMATION, FUNCTIONS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, (C) YOUR PROVISION OF INFORMATION VIA THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS; (D) ANY INACCURACY OR OMISSION CONCERNING ANY OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS; (E) ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, EXCHANGED OR RECEIVED BY OR ON BEHALF OF ANY USER OR OTHER PERSON ON OR THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS, OR (F) LOST BUSINESS OR LOST SALES, EVEN IF SUCH RELEASED PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, ANY MATERIALS, DATA, TEXT, IMAGES, VIDEO, AUDIO OR SOFTWARE DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS ARE ACCESSED, DOWNLOADED OR OBTAINED AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK, AND YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM, MOBILE DEVICE OR OTHER PROPERTY THAT RESULTS THEREFROM OR FROM YOUR USE OF ANY SUCH MATERIALS.

SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO SOME OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO CERTAIN USERS.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE RELEASED PARTIES FOR ALL DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING FROM THESE TERMS OF USE OR YOUR USE OF THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS OR THE CONTENT, MATERIALS, INFORMATION, FUNCTIONS OR PRODUCTS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DIGITAL PLATFORMS EXCEED, IN THE AGGREGATE, FIFTY DOLLARS ($50.00).

15. Dispute Resolution. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED UNDER THESE TERMS OF USE, ALL DISPUTES AND CLAIMS BETWEEN YOU AND SOTHEBY’S THAT ARISE OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH, OR RELATE TO, THESE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE RESOLVED, AT THE FILING PARTY'S ELECTION, IN EITHER A SMALL CLAIMS COURT OR BY FINAL AND BINDING ARBITRATION ADMINISTERED BY THE AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION UNDER ITS COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION RULES AND SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES FOR CONSUMER-RELATED DISPUTES, WHICH ARBITRATION SHALL TAKE PLACE IN NEW YORK, NEW YORK. ALL DISPUTES IN ARBITRATION WILL BE HANDLED SOLELY BETWEEN THE NAMED PARTIES, AND NOT ON ANY REPRESENTATIVE OR CLASS BASIS. FURTHER, UNLESS BOTH YOU AND SOTHEBY’SAGREE OTHERWISE, THE ARBITRATOR MAY NOT CONSOLIDATE MORE THAN ONE PERSON'S CLAIMS, AND MAY NOT OTHERWISE PRESIDE OVER ANY FORM OF A REPRESENTATIVE OR CLASS PROCEEDING. THE ARBITRATOR MAY AWARD DECLARATORY OR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF ONLY IN FAVOR OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARTY SEEKING RELIEF AND ONLY TO THE EXTENT NECESSARY TO PROVIDE RELIEF WARRANTED BY THAT PARTY'S INDIVIDUAL CLAIM WITHOUT AFFECTING OTHER INDIVIDUALS.

YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT ANY DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEEDINGS, WHETHER IN ARBITRATION OR COURT, WILL BE CONDUCTED ONLY ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS AND NOT IN A CLASS OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION OR AS A NAMED OR UNNAMED MEMBER IN A CLASS, CONSOLIDATED, REPRESENTATIVE OR PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL ACTION, UNLESS BOTH YOU AND SOTHEBY’S SPECIFICALLY AGREE TO DO SO IN WRITING FOLLOWING INITIATION OF THE ARBITRATION. THIS PROVISION DOES NOT PRECLUDE YOUR PARTICIPATION AS A MEMBER IN A CLASS ACTION FILED ON OR BEFORE AUGUST 20, 2011. THIS PROVISION IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE EXTENT SUCH WAIVER IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.

YOU UNDERSTAND THAT YOU AND SOTHEBY’S ARE AGREEING TO GIVE UP ANY RIGHTS TO LITIGATE CLAIMS BEFORE A JURY.

16. Local Standards. We do not represent or warrant that the Digital Platforms or any content, materials, information, functions or products available through the Digital Platforms are appropriate for use in all locations. Persons who choose to access the Digital Platforms do so on their own initiative, and are responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.

17. Termination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in these Terms of Use, we may cancel any order, terminate your access to all or any part of the Digital Platforms at any time, and/or block or prevent future access to and use of the Digital Platforms, in each case with or without cause, with or without notice and without attendant liability, effective immediately. Upon any termination, all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall cease and you shall immediately cease using the Digital Platforms, except that (a) all obligations that accrued prior to the effective date of termination (including without limitation, all payment obligations) and all remedies for breach of these Terms of Use shall survive and (b) the provisions of these Terms of Use that by their nature are intended to survive termination shall so survive. We maintain a policy that provides for the termination in appropriate circumstances of the Digital Platforms use privileges of users who are repeat infringers of intellectual property rights.

18. Miscellaneous. The Terms of Use incorporate the applicable Privacy Policy and any other terms applying to your use of the Sotheby’s Website by reference. These Terms of Use and the relationship between you and us shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflict of law provisions. You agree that any cause of action that may arise under the Terms of Use shall be commenced and be heard in the appropriate court in the State of New York, County of New York. Subject to the terms of Section 15 above (Dispute Resolution), you agree to submit to the personal and exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within New York County in the State of New York. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. Except as otherwise set forth herein, these Terms of Use may only be amended by a written agreement executed by you and an authorized representative of Sotheby’s specifically referencing these Terms of Use. Any waiver of any provision of these Terms of Use by Sotheby's must be made in writing and signed by an authorized representative of Sotheby's and the provision to be waived. Headings used in these Terms of Use are for convenience only and are not to be relied upon. If any provision of the Terms of Use is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the Terms of Use remain in full force and effect. These Terms of Use will inure to the benefit of, and are intended to be enforceable by, Sotheby's successors, assigns and licensees. There are no third party beneficiaries to this Agreement.

19. Further Inquiries. You may direct questions about these Terms of Use, or other issues, to:

Sotheby's
1334 York Avenue
New York, New York 10021
Attn: Website Management

Last Modified: April 26, 2019