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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第二天 > Lot 0299
A WOOD MANUSCRIPT COVER WITH PRAJNAPARAMITA AND THE EIGHT DIRECTIONAL BUDDHAS, TIBET, 14TH-15TH
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04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /15天2小时
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CENTURYExpert's note: The presence of eight Buddhas surrounding the central figure carries clear cosmological significance in Buddhist art. In mandalic visual systems, enlightened beings are often arranged according to the spatial order of the universe, with figures placed in the directions surrounding a central axis. While the well-known system of the Five Tathāgatas places four directional Buddhas around a central one, expanded schemes also incorporate the four intermediate directions, producing an eight-directional configuration. The eight Buddhas in the present relief correspond to this broader cosmological framework, symbolizing the manifestation of Buddhahood throughout the eight directions of space. Positioned around Prajnaparamita—the personification of transcendent wisdom—the Eight Buddhas emphasize the idea that ultimate wisdom stands at the center of the cosmos.Of rectangular form, finely carved in varying degrees of relief with Prajnaparamita at the center, seated in dhyanasana, her principal hands held in dharmachakra mudra and her raised secondary hands holding a book and a lotus, crowned with a foliate tiara. She is flanked by the Eight Buddhas similarly seated in dhyanasana, each displaying a different mudra, including bhumisparsha, varada, dhyana, and abhaya. Each deity sits upon a waisted double-lotus base, backed by an aureole and surrounded by scrolling foliage, all enclosed within beaded and foliate borders.Provenance: From an old private collection in Germany, assembled from 1970 onward and thence by descent.Condition: Good condition with old wear, signs of tactile worship, expected small age cracks, few minor losses, minute nicks, light scratches mostly to reverse, remnants of gilt and pigments. The wood with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 223.4 gDimensions: Length 34 cmThe art of writing and making books was brought to Tibet from India in the seventh century when Tibet fervently embraced Buddhism as its new religion. According to Tibetan historical records, it was Srongtsan Gampo's gifted minister Thonmi Sambhota who devised the Tibetan script and grammar. He is said to have been sent to India to learn Sanskrit and to produce the Tibetan writing system based on the Indian script current at that time. Prior to becoming a Buddhist country, Tibet had no script of its own.Prior to the introduction of paper, the material used for recording texts in ancient India consisted mainly of either palm leaves or the bark of the birch tree. The shape of palm leaves seems to have determined the format of manuscripts, because even when paper was introduced it was cut into similar rectangular sheets of varied sizes depending on the requirements. This specific format of manuscripts was inherited by the Tibetans. Average size manuscripts were about sixty centimeters wide and ten to fifteen centimeters high. The leaves of individual manuscripts were not bound together but fastened with a string or wrapped in pieces of cloth, and each leaf was numbered and inscribed with a short title of the text, while the images carved on the manuscript covers usually represented the chief deities or heroes of the texts within the covers.Tibetans embarked on the monumental task of translating Indian Buddhist scriptures into their own language during the period known as the Chidar, in the late tenth century, once the Tibetan writing systems imported from India, together with their methods of preservation and dissemination, had been established. Thousands of Sanskrit works were rendered into Tibetan, much of this effort unfolding in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Painted wooden manuscript covers from this period attest to the meticulous care and profound reverence with which Tibetans safeguarded their sacred texts.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related gilt-wood medicine sutra cover dated to the 16th century, 39 cm long, illustrated by Pratapaditya Pal, The Art of Tibet, 1969, p. 114, no. 93.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 21 March 2001, lot 111 Price: USD 9,400 or approx. EUR 14,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A carved wood manuscript cover, Tibet, 13th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related form, manner of carving, and composition. Note the larger size (69 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2002, lot 98 Price: USD 8,225 or approx. EUR 13,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A wood manuscript cover, Tibet, circa 14th/15th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, manner of carving, and composition. Note the larger size (66.3 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 20 September 2006, lot 200 Price: USD 4,200 or approx. EUR 5,900 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A small gilt wood manuscript cover, Tibet, circa 15th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form and manner of carving. Note the size (41.3 cm).

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