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A RARE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE ASCETIC BUDDHA, SHAILENDRA DYNASTY, 8TH-9TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /15天2小时
拍品描述
A RARE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE ASCETIC BUDDHA, SHAILENDRA DYNASTY, 8TH-9TH CENTURYIndonesia, Central Java, circa 750-850 AD. Finely cast with the hands lowered above the lap in dhyanamudra and seated in padmasana atop a rectangular tiered plinth centered by a panel enclosing wild animals in a verdant landscape, the corners dotted with stylized foliate bosses flanking large blossoms, all backed by a flaming nimbus rising from a rectangular throne-back. The emaciated deity is dressed in an elegantly pleated uttarasanga covering the left shoulder and crossing the chest diagonally, leaving the right shoulder and arm bare and revealing the ribcage and the web of tendons around the neck. The face is modeled with gaunt cheeks and deep-set eyes beneath arched brows, with frowning creases to the forehead, and the hair falling in matted locks above the ushnisha.Provenance: La Balaustra Antichità, Arte Archeologia classica orientale e precolombiana, 2000, Bologna, Italy. Collection of Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022), acquired from the above. A copy of a stamped certificate written by Giuliana Zanetti of Antichità La Balaustra, adressed to Paolo Bertuzzi, dated 15 July 2000, confirming the dating above, accompanies this lot. Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022) was a fashion stylist from Bologna. He was the son of Enrichetta Bertuzzi, founder of Hettabretz, a noted Italian fashion company with customers such as the Rothschild family, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor. Paolo Bertuzzi later took over his mother's business and designed exclusive pieces, some of which were exhibited in the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA. He was also an avid collector of antiques for more than sixty years. His collection includes both archaic and contemporary art, and he edited two important books about Asian art, Goa Made - An Archaeological Discovery, about a large-scale archaeological project carried out with the Italian and Indonesian governments, and Majapahit, Masterpieces from a Forgotten Kingdom.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Wear and casting irregularities. Minor losses, dings, little warping, signs of erosion, weathering, and corrosion, encrustations. The bronze covered with a rich, naturally grown patina with vibrant malachite encrustations.Weight: 2,452 g Dimensions: Height 22.4 cmExpert's note: The present lot undoubtedly belongs to Central Javanese culture, as clearly identified by its stepped base adorned with foliate appliqués at the corners (see a related bronze group of Ratnasambhava and Mamaki, Eastern Java, c. 10th century, exhibited by the Ethnological Museum, Berlin, 2014, no. 243). However, it is a rare depiction of the subject, one with no counterparts known in either public or private records, despite the motif's popularity in earlier periods in Southeast Asia and India. See an earlier black stone figure of an emaciated Buddha, Gandhara, 2nd-3rd century, at Bonhams New York, 18 March 2013, lot 23; a figure of fasting Buddha, Kashmir, dated to the 8th century, in the Cleveland Museum of Art, accession number 1986.70; and a Kushan agate carving of a fasting Buddha, Gandhara, at Sotheby's New York, 21 March 2012, lot 258.Within the framework of the transmission of devotional practices, iconographic conventions, and casting techniques by itinerant monks and craftsmen, the visual cultures of the Buddhist territories of continental and insular Southeast Asia reveal a shared artistic language across the region, particularly pronounced between the 8th and 10th centuries. In Java, these models were adapted and elaborated under Shailendra patronage according to local aesthetic preferences, typically resulting in elongated proportions, intricate ornamentation, and complex drapery.Depicting both Siddartha's absolute accomplishment in ascetic practices as well as their horrific futility, images of the emaciated Buddha refer to the end of the six years Siddhartha spent in the Uruvela forest learning from, surpassing, and then renouncing the leading ascetic practices of his time for their inability to deliver spiritual enlightenment. Here Buddha sits in meditation at the brink of death through excessive fasting. Upon his recovery, he pronounced the famed doctrine of the 'Middle Way' to enlightenment between the extremes of austerities and sensual indulgence.The Shailendra family emerged as a significant ruling dynasty in Indonesia during the eighth and ninth centuries, primarily associated with the establishment and promotion of Buddhism in Central Java. Scholarly research highlights their sudden appearance in historical records around 778, despite ambiguities surrounding their origins and the exact location of their kingdom. Early inscriptions in Sanskrit indicate that the Shailendras were influential in Buddhist architectural development, with notable temples, such as the renowned Borobudur, symbolizing their artistic and religious dedication. The relationship of the Shailendras with neighboring kingdoms, particularly the maritime kingdom of ?rivijaya, remains a subject of scholarly debate, further complicating the understanding of their political reach and influence. Evidence also points to a potential local evolution of the Shailendras, suggesting they might have converted from Hinduism to Buddhism over time. The family's contributions to Buddhist art and architecture not only shaped the cultural landscape of Java but also facilitated the growth of Buddhism as a significant religious force in the region.

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