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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第二天 > Lot 0582
A BRONZE FIGURE OF PADMAPANI, PALA PERIOD, 8TH-9TH CENTURY
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04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /15天2小时
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Scientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 27 February 2024, based on sample number N124b38, sets the firing date of the sample taken between 200 and 300 years ago. A copy of the report accompanies this lot. According to Dr. Greg Adamiec of Oxford Authentication, “exposure to a sufficiently intense fire can indeed affect (partially or fully reset) a TL age, particularly if the object has been subjected to high temperatures for a sufficient duration.” For a copy of the email quoted above, please refer to the department.Expert's note: The figure shows clear signs of heat damage, likely caused by a temple fire. The accompanying thermoluminescence test supports this, confirming intense heat exposure around 200-300 years ago. Such exposure does normally reheat the casting core and reset the thermoluminescence results to the time of the fire, see corresponding remarks by Dr. Greg Adamiec of Oxford Authentication quoted above.Northeastern India. Seated in lalitasana on a lotus pericarp rising from a tiered platform decorated with addorsed mythical beasts to the corners and an arched veil to the center, backed by a flaming prabhamandala and a chatra canopy above. The deity extending the right hand in varada mudra, the left resting behind, holding the stems of lotus flowers blooming at the shoulder.Richly adorned with beaded foliate jewels and wearing a diaphanous dhoti, the serene face with heavy-lidded downcast eyes under incised brows centered by an urna, thick pursed lips forming a gentle smile, and crowned by a tall tiara centered by a diminutive image of Amitabha. Provenance: From a European private collection.Condition: Good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities. Signs of heat damage, encrustations, minor areas of corrosion, tiny nicks, minuscule dents, light surface scratches. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina with malachite encrustations.Weight: 1,515.2 g Dimensions: Height 28.5 cmDuring the Pala period, there was an increase of Buddhist patronage in Northeastern India, resulting in the production of a vast number of highly refined artworks that participated in the development of esoteric forms of Buddhism. Known as Vajrayana, the 'diamond path', this new iteration of Buddhism greatly expanded the pantheon of Buddhist deities. A large number of tantric texts were produced in Northeastern India and circulated throughout the Himalayas, where the esoteric knowledge they contained continued to flourish. Bronze sculptures played a crucial role in these lines of transmission. As portable objects, they could easily be carried across vast distances by the groups of monks and pilgrims who traveled by land and sea.Situated at the heart of Pala territory, less than twenty miles from Bodh Gaya and close to the renowned Buddhist monastery and educational establishment at Nalanda, Kurkihar became a sophisticated international center of artistic production at the end of the first millennium AD. Inscriptions found at Kurkihar document the arrival of monks and pilgrims from regions abroad, including distant places in India such as Kanchipuram in the South and also foreign lands such as maritime Southeast Asia. These visitors commissioned bronzes like the present example to donate to local temples and monasteries or to carry them home.The artistic relationship between the Pala period bronzes of Northeastern India and the sculptural traditions of Indonesia and Thailand, particularly in Java and Srivijaya, reflects a profound and dynamic exchange that spanned both time and space. The Pala Kingdom, which flourished from the 8th to 12th centuries, was renowned for its production of bronze sculptures, many of which were created for religious purposes. These sculptures, particularly those from the Nalanda monastery, became seminal prototypes for the later development of Indonesian bronze art, especially during the 9th to 11th centuries. Through trade routes and religious pilgrimages, these works found their way to Southeast Asia, where they were embraced, adapted, and ultimately transformed into distinctive Javanese and Srivijaya forms. Compare a closely related bronze figure of the Medicine Buddha from Central Java, dated 8th-9th century, 31 cm high, at Christie's New York, 20 March 2022, lot 14, sold for USD 226,000 or approx. EUR 208,000 (converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing). See a closely related figure of the Buddhist goddess Prajnaparamita from Sumatra, Indonesia, dated c. 800-1000, 21 cm high, in the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, object number 2006.47. Compare a closely related copper alloy figure of Manjushri in the form of Sita Manjughosa, 31.1 cm high, dated to the late 8th century, formerly in the collection of John D. Rockefeller and now in the Asia Society, New York, accession number 1979.82.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related smaller bronze figure of Padmapani Avalokiteshvara from Nalanda, Bihar, dated to the 9th century, 15.8 cm high, in the Nelson Atkins Museum, accession number 54-73.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Christie's Amsterdam, 16 December 2003, lot 214Price: EUR 35,850 or approx. EUR 59,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A rare northeast Indian bronze figure of Padmapani, late 8th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, and subject. Note the related size (27 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 17 March 2015, lot 12 Price: USD 269,000 or approx. EUR 312,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A bronze figure of Ratnasambhava, Northeastern India, Pala period, first half of the 9th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting. Note the smaller size (13.9 cm).

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