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A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF CHAKRASAMVARA, TIBET, 15TH-16TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天1小时
拍品描述
Exquisitely cast striding in alidhasana in union with his consort Vajravarahi atop a separately cast lotus base with recumbent figures. The deity's primary hands crossed at the chest and clutching a vajra and vajra-ghanta, his radiating arms holding numerous attributes, adorned with a sash tipped with pendent jewels and garlands of skulls and severed heads in finely detailed openwork over a tiger skin dhoti, his consort with an apron of beaded festoons.In his secondary hands Chakrasamvara holds an elephant skin spanning across his back, indicated here by just two truncated legs, and attributes including the drum, axe, chopper, trident, decapitated heads, noose, and skull cup.The base sealed with a copper plate incised with a double-vajra.Provenance: From the collection of Princess Niloufar Pahlavi, acquired together with her other Buddhist figures in the sale as a group collection in Paris circa 1985. The sealplate inscribed 'T I'. H.R.H. Princess Niloufar Pahlavi (born 1953) was a member of the Iranian royal family and an active cultural patron and collector, particularly during the later 20th century. As a niece of His Imperial Majesty the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, she moved within international aristocratic and artistic circles, where she developed a refined taste for fine art, decorative arts, and luxury objects. When she moved to Paris with her husband in the 1980s, she assembled an eclectic and sensitive collection housed in a discreet Parisian H?tel Particulier, which was decorated by Jacques Grange in the early 2000s.Condition: Overall good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities. A few nicks, scattered scratches, rubbing, and minor losses to the gilt, with a few light dings. The inlaid stones are later replacements. Some attributes, one arm, and the consort's upper section are lost. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, lustrous patina. The figure is separately cast and attached to the base, which retains its original seal.Weight: 1,185 g Dimensions: Height 22.3 cmChakrasamvara's name, Wheel-Binder, references the wheels, or chakras, within the body. This yab-yum deity's origin is traced to a time when the Hindu gods Shiva and Parvati threatened world order through immoral behavior, namely gratuitous violence and sex. To subjugate them, the Primordial Buddha manifested as Chakrasamvara: the mirror image of the unruly Hindu divinities. This means of restraining the Hindu couple — by revealing them to themselves — parallels how Manjushri manifested as Vajrabhairava to tame Death. Hidden is the anatomically correct manner in which this exquisitely fashioned image symbolically replicates the nonduality experienced when extremes such as violence and sexuality are brought, literally, to heel.Chakramsavara and Vajravarahi wear the tantric adornments of the six bone ornaments representing the six paramitas or perfections. These textural bone ornaments appear in beaded rows in the present work, and also represent the Five Dhyani Buddhas: (1) the crown of the head, symbolizing dhyana or concentration and Buddha Akshobhya; (2) the earrings that symbolize kshanti or patience and the Buddha Amitabha; (3) the necklace that symbolizes dana or generosity and Buddha Ratnasambhava; (4) the armlets and anklets that symbolize shila or discipline and the Buddha Vairocana; (5) the girdle and apron that symbolizes virya or exertion and Buddha Amoghasiddhi; and (6) the crisscrossed torso ornament that symbolizes praj?a or wisdom and Buddha Vajradhara. From Chakrasamvara's neck hangs a garland of severed heads strung on a length of human intestine and the hair of a corpse, signifying both the purification of speech and the purification of the fifty-one mental factors according to the Cittamatra or Mind-Only School as described by Asanga.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related Tibetan gilt-bronze figure of Chakrasamvara and Vajravarahi, dated late 15th-16th century, 19.7 cm high, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 2024.441.1a-c.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's New York, 17 September 2014, lot 451Price: USD 125,000 or approx. EUR 143,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A gilt-copper alloy figure of Paramasukha-Chakramsavara and Vajravarahi, Tibet, 15th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, gilding, and subject, with similar dynamic posture and beaded jewelry.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 26 September 2023, lot 313 Price: USD 23,940 or approx. EUR 21,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A bronze figure of Chakrasamvara Heruka, Tibet, 12th-13th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, and subject, albeit ungilt and lacking the consort. Note the much smaller size (15.6 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams Paris, 4 October 2022, lot 23 Price: EUR 57,075 or approx. EUR 60,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A gilt copper alloy retinue figure from a Chakrasamvara Mandala, Tibet, 15th/16th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, and gilding. Note the closely related size (23 cm) and that this figure depicts a retinue figure of Chakrasamvara without consort.

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拍品估价:4,000 - 8,000 欧元 起拍价格:4,000 欧元  买家佣金:

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