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A RARE AND LARGE CARVED LIMESTONE 'ZEBU' BOWL, HARAPPAN CULTURE
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04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天2小时
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A RARE AND LARGE CARVED LIMESTONE 'ZEBU' BOWL, HARAPPAN CULTUREExpert authentication: Sam Myers, Paris, France, has examined the present lot and confirms its authenticity and the dating above. He appraises it at a value of USD 25,000 (or approx. EUR 28,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing). A copy of Sam Myers' valuation, dated 5 May 2017, accompanies this lot.Indus Valley, 2350-2000 BC. Of globular form, rising from a short, straight ring foot with rounded sides to an inverted rim, finely carved in shallow relief with panels decorated with muscular oxen contained within rectangular frames.Provenance: Collection of Lord Anthony Jacobs, London, United Kingdom and Palm Beach, Florida. Collection of Marla M. Kosec, West Palm Beach, Florida, acquired from the above. A copy of a certificate of authenticity from Robyn Turner Gallery, Los Angeles, California, issued in 2008, confirming the provenance and dating above, accompanies the lot. Lord Anthony Jacobs (1931-2014) was a distinguished British businessman, politician, and philanthropist best known for his leadership of enterprises such as BSM driving schools and the Spudulike restaurant chain. From 1999 to 2002 he sat on the House of Lords Works of Art Committee, reflecting his deep engagement with the arts while building a notable collection over his lifetime. Marla M. Kosec (born 1956) is a medical professional entrepreneur and devoted collector whose life has been shaped by decades of travel, service to others, and enduring friendships formed in China, Indonesia, and England. Over 18 years, she assembled a deeply personal collection of Buddhist art and Chinese jades, which she views not as possessions but as living companions.Condition: Very good condition with expected wear, signs of prolonged burial and traces of weathering , natural imperfections, shallow surface scratches, the rim with a minor old fill.Weight: 4.6 kgDimensions: Diameter 30.5 cmThis carved globular bowl is most plausibly attributed to the Harappan culture of the Indus Valley (c. 2350-2000 BC), one of the great Bronze Age civilizations of South Asia. Such imagery of humped zebu bulls, as seen in the present lot, is closely associated with Indus Valley visual culture, where oxen symbolized agricultural prosperity and economic stability, underscoring the central role of farming within Harappan society.Beyond its local cultural significance, the bowl can also be understood within the wider framework of the so-called 'Intercultural Style', a phenomenon that reflects artistic exchange between the Indus Valley and regions of Western Asia, including Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. Comparable vessels, often carved in chlorite and bearing animal processions rendered in low relief, have been found or attributed to coastal entrepots such as Tarut Island, suggesting that such objects circulated through long-distance trade networks and may have been destined for elite or temple contexts.The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age culture in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilizations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from northeast Afghanistan and much of Pakistan to western and northwestern India. The civilization flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Both Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa likely grew to a size of 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilization may have contained between one and five million total population during its florescence. It is also known as the Harappan civilization, after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan.The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-Daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated by Neolithic civilizations, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilization is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.Zebu cattle are thought to be derived from the Indian bos primigenius namadicus, a subspecies of the aurochs. Wild Asian aurochs disappeared during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization from their range in the Indus River basin and other parts of the South Asian region possibly due to interbreeding with domestic zebu and the resultant fragmentation of wild populations due to loss of habitat. Believed to have first been bred in northwestern South Asia, between 7000 and 6000 BC, they are understood to have been dispersed by 4000 BC and spread across much of South Asia by 2000 BC.Literature comparison: Compare a related chlorite vessel with two zebu from the Persian Gulf region, Tarut island, dated 2600-2350 BC, 11.4 cm high, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 2014.717. Compare a related painted pottery jar with zebu from Balochistan, dated 2200-2000 BC, in the Ancient Orient Museum, Tokyo. 13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium - only for buyers within the EU.

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