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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第一天 > Lot 0144
A MAGNIFICENT AND VERY LARGE SANCAI-GLAZED BACTRIAN CAMEL, TANG DYNASTY
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04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天1小时
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A MAGNIFICENT AND VERY LARGE SANCAI-GLAZED BACTRIAN CAMEL, TANG DYNASTYScientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 22 November 2005, based on sample number C205g73, sets the firing date of two samples taken between 900 and 1500 years ago, consistent with the dating above. A copy of the report accompanies this lot.China, 618-907. Standing foursquare on an unglazed rectangular base, the head raised high and the mouth open in a braying motion with tongue and teeth bared, further detailed with round bulging eyes and funnel-shaped ears, covered in an amber glaze. The fringed saddle cloth is splashed with green, ochre and cream glazes, and the protruding twin humps are highlighted in a cream glaze.Provenance: Collection of Robert Hafter, Küsnacht, Switzerland, acquired before 2005, and thence by descent in the same family. Robert Hafter (d. 2024) was a Swiss dealer of European and Asian antiques, furniture, and decorative art. He opened his first shop in 1966, which later developed into a family business eventually continued by his children Anatol and Natalie Hafter after his retirement in 2005, who deepened the company's focus on Asian art. Condition: Superb condition, commensurate with age. Expected wear and manufacturing irregularities including firing cracks. Minor losses, few small chips and minute nicks, shallow surface scratches. Old touchups and repairs to one foot, one hump, and possibly other smaller areas, as always with authentic Tang dynasty excavations. Two small holes from sample-taking. Displaying magnificently overall.Weight: 12.5 kg Dimensions: Height 70 cmThis splendid figure of a camel would have been extremely costly to produce at the time. It would have been commissioned for internment in a burial belonging to an elite member of the Tang society and deemed to become alive for the benefit of its owner. Ancestors in China were seen as active participants in the life of their living offspring, which they could positively influence if provided with continuous care. Miniature universes were thus presented in burials and filled with a variety of necessities disguised as painted, carved or molded images, which were believed to function like their real counterpart if provided with the correct features (see Jessica Rawson, 'The Power of Images: The Model Universe of The First Emperor and Its Legacy,' Historical Research, 2002, vol.75, no.188, pp.123-54). Forming an analogical relation with daily forms, these figures embodied important social and ideological aspects of their own time.Burial arrangements were restricted by the social standing of the deceased and guarded by the state governance. By the Tang dynasty, the burials constructed for the highest-ranking members of the society would include a group of thirteen large sancai pottery figures: two earth spirits, two lokapalas, two civil officials, two horses, two camels, and three grooms. The figures would have been placed at the entrance of the main burial chamber, guarding a wealth of luxury vessels and personal ornaments made of gold, silver, textile, and other precious materials.Vast riches poured into the Tang capital, Chang'an (present day Xi'an, Shaanxi province), from the Silk Road. Merchants came from far afield to acquire silk, bamboo and lacquer wares, and imported perfumes, horse and jewels. Different types of food, spices, and wines were also imported in Tang China, as well as exotic musical genres, fashions and literary styles. In the arts, many foreign shapes such as amphoras, bird-headed ewers, rhyton cups, and decorative motifs such as hunting scenes, floral medallions, garlands, swags, scrolling vines and Buddhist symbols, were imported from Central Asia and the Middle East. The recent excavation of thirty-seven tax receipts, recording approximately 600 payments, made in a year at a tax office outside Turfan (present-day Xinjiang Autonomous Region), testifies to the fast pace of trading activities during the Tang dynasty. Chang'an's two main markets, referred to as the Eastern and the Western Market, both filled with shops, eateries and tea houses, and additional trading centers, were established in the proximity of its main gates.The Bactrian camel was not indigenous to China. Ezekiel Schloss, in Ancient Chinese Ceramic Sculpture, Connecticut, 1977, vol. I, pl. 220, discusses the importation of tens of thousands of camels from the states of the Tarim Basin, Eastern Turkestan, and Mongolia. The Tang state even created a special office to supervise the imperial camel herds which carried out various state assignments, including military courier service for the northern frontier. The camel was also used by the court and the merchants for local transportation and, of course, were the 'ships of the desert' linking China to the oasis cities of central Asia, Samarkand, Persia and Syria. The animated attitude of this remarkable camel is reminiscent of the running camels vividly depicted on the murals of Crown Prince Zhanghuai's tomb (d. 684), in Qianxian, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, painted in A.D. 706 and 711, illustrated in Out of China's Earth: Archaeological Discoveries in People's Republic of China, Beijing, 1981, pl. 258.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related Bactrian camel, dated to the Tang dynasty, 69.2 cm high, in the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, inventory number 1917.Ed.1. Compare a closely related smaller Bactrian camel, dated to the Tang dynasty, 58.4 cm high, in the Victoria and Albert Museum, accession number C.121-1913. A similar figure of a Bactrian camel with a fringed and splash-glazed blanket, and cream glaze on the heavy areas of hair in contrast to the amber body, is illustrated by Mizuno in Toujitaikei, vol. 35, Tousansai (Tang sancai), Heibonsha series, 1977, pl. 100. Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Poly Auction Hong Kong, 14 July 2023, lot 3218Price: HKD 3,120,000 or approx. EUR 347,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A sancai-glazed figure of a camel, Tang dynasty, 618-907 Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and glaze. Note the similar size (76 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 13 September 2019, lot 1076Price: USD 200,000 or approx. EUR 211,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A large sancai-glazed pottery figure of a striding Bactrian camel, Tang dynasty (ad 618-907) Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and glaze. Note the slightly larger size (81 cm).

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