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A LARGE GILT-BRONZE CLOISONNÉ ENAMEL 'LOTUS' TRIPOD CENSER AND COVER, QIANLONG PERIOD
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /14天2小时
拍品描述
A LARGE GILT-BRONZE CLOISONNé ENAMEL 'LOTUS' TRIPOD CENSER AND COVER, QIANLONG PERIODChina, 1736-1795. The globular body is supported on three cabriole legs and rises to a short, straight neck with an everted rim, the exterior is decorated in bright enamels against a turquoise ground with large lotus blooms borne on undulating foliate scrolls, together with a dharmachakra and parasol, all below a band of pendent trefoils, the shoulder is flanked by a pair of S-shaped handles.The censer is surmounted by an elaborately cast gilt-bronze finial in the form of a dragon clutching a pearl, coiling atop a double-lotus base, its head finely detailed with an outstretched tongue and a fierce expression.Inscription: The interior of the censer inscribed in ink with the character 'Tian' (Heaven) several times along with numbering. The cover similarly inscribed with the character 'Di' (Earth) followed by the number 1.Provenance: From an old private collection in Norfolk, United Kingdom. The cover inscribed with an old inventory number, '470'.Condition: Good condition with old wear, expected manufacturing irregularities including pitting, small losses with associated old fills, minor rubbing to gilt, small nicks and shallow surface scratches. The legs slightly loose. Overall presenting exceptionally well.Weight: 6.7 kgDimensions: Height 43 cm, Width 47 cm (across handles)This lavishly decorated censer exemplifies the apogee of artistic and technical achievement of cloisonné enamel craftsmanship during the Qianlong period. The censer is of ding form, based on the shape of archaic ritual vessels of the Shang dynasty. Its cauldron-like shape, standing on three stout legs, reflects the predilection in the Ming and Qing periods for vessels in the form of archaic bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Although the overall outlines of the archaic models were retained, the craftsmen liberally applied more contemporary lotus scrolls to the body.Cloisonné enamel censers of this impressive size and decoration were made for the many temples located within the Imperial Palace compound in the Forbidden City. It was the Qianlong emperor who decided that the shapes of altar vessels should reflect those of archaic ritual paraphernalia. He ordered the Grand Secretaries to use classical material when designing ritual objects and insisted that all designs had to be approved by him before manufacturing. Ritual objects designed under Qianlong's reign were illustrated in The Illustrated Regulations for Ceremonial Paraphernalia of the Qing Dynasty (Huangchao liqi tushu). Altar garnitures typically comprise an incense burner, placed in the center, flanked by two candleholders and gu-shaped vases, all placed on tall stools, as seen in a 20th century picture of the Daxiongbaodian of the Tanzhe Temple near Beijing, illustrated in Helmut Brinker and Albert Lutz, Chinese Cloisonné. The Pierre Uldry Collection, New York, 1989, p. 53, fig. 29. The set would have been placed on an altar in front of a Buddha during ceremonies. Incense and flowers are mentioned in the Lotus Sutra as two of the main offerings, while the lamps and candles represent Buddha's wisdom that lightens up darkness and dispels ignorance. See a five-piece cloisonné enamel altar set in situ in the Qianqing Gong (Mansion of Heavenly Purity) illustrated in Chiumei Ho and Bennet Bronson, Splendours of China's Forbidden City, Chicago, 2004, pl. 32.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related cloisonne enamel tripod censer and cover, dated to the Qianlong period, in the Museum Cernuschi, accession number M.C. 9933 A.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's Hong Kong, 1 December 2010, lot 3032 Price: HKD 1,100,000 or approx. EUR 175,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A fine imperial cloisonne enamel tripod censer and cover, Qianlong period (1736-1795) Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, handles, feet, decoration and size (50 cm). Note the different cover and finial.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's London, 1 November 2023, lot 219Mid-Estimate: GBP 50,000 or approx. EUR 62,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A large cloisonné enamel 'lotus' tripod censer and cover, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, decoration and finial. Note the slightly larger size (52.8 cm) and different gilt-bronze elements.

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