? A BRONZE FIGURE OF AVALOKITESHVARA, SRIVIJAYA, 7TH-10TH CENTURY Thailand or Malaysia. Standing in a slight tribhanga with his hands radiating around him, the primary right hand lowered in varada mudra and the left clutching the stem of a lotus blossoming at his shoulder, the secondary arms raised to the shoulder, one clutching prayer beads. Dressed in a diaphanous dhoti secured around the waist with a girdle and falling in pleats, the slender figure adorned with ornate jewelry. The serene face with heavy-lidded eyes below arched brows centered by a small urna, the full lips forming a subtle smile. The hair in wavy locks pulled into a high chignon centered by a diminutive Amitabha Buddha, all backed by a flaming aureole.
Provenance: Collection of Paul J. Jewell, who lived and worked in South East Asia for over 20 years, serving as the executive director of the European Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam. To this day, he continues to collect Asian art and antiquities.
Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Wear, casting irregularities, obvious losses, corrosion, and signs of weathering. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with vibrant malachite encrustations.
Weight: 1,806.8 g (incl. stand)
Dimensions: Height 24 cm (excl. stand), 27.8 cm (incl. stand)
Mounted on an associated stand. (2)
In Buddhist art, the nimbus is often imagined as consisting not just of light, but also of real flames. While this type seems to first appear in Chinese bronzes of which the earliest surviving examples date from before 450, it became something of a hallmark for the most important Chola bronzes, such as Shiva Nataraja, an image which emerged around 800 AD in Southern India, at the height of the Chola Empire. In the present statue, the depiction of the flames is rather formal, as they are neatly arranged in identical intervals around the aureole.
Srivijaya was a Buddhist thalassocrat empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia), which influenced much of Southeast Asia and was an important center for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to the 12th century AD. It also was the first unified kingdom to dominate much of the Malay Archipelago. Due to its location, the powerful state over time developed more and more complex technology utilizing maritime resources. The rise of the Srivijayan Empire was therefore also parallel to the end of the Malay seafaring period.
Literature comparison:
Compare a closely related bronze figure of Avalokitesvara, Thailand, 7th-8th century, 18.8 cm high, in the Victoria & Albert Museum, accession number IS.72-1993.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 13 September 2017, lot 634
Price: USD 22,500 or approx. EUR 27,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A bronze figure of Buddha, Thailand, Mon Dvaravati style, 9th/10th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting with a similar flaming halo and malachite patina. Note the similar size (27 cm).
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