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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 第一天——精美的亚洲艺术、佛教与印度教 > Lot 0067
A VERY RARE LIMESTONE STELE DEPICTING A BUDDHIST TRIAD WITH MILE PUSA (MAITREYA), NORTHERN WEI
奥地利
2025年10月16日 开拍
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DYNASTYChina, 386-535. Finely carved within a recessed niche, the Future Buddha seated in a relaxed pose with legs pendent and crossed at the ankles atop a throne flanked by two lions, the hands folded asymmetrically at the chest in a variation of anjali mudra (hezhang, lit. 'hand clasp'). Maitreya is dressed in a voluminous robe cascading in meticulously incised, parallel U-shaped folds, flanked by a pair of similarly clad attendant bodhisattvas, surrounded by four diminutive niches enclosing Buddha seated in meditation, all below the flaming foliate arch surmounted by a pair of pensive bodhisattvas amid large lotus buds borne on thick meandering vines.Provenance: A Swiss collection, circa 1980s. Thence with a London gallery, United Kingdom. Thence in the private collection of Mr. R. Unger. A private collection in the United Kingdom, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Expected wear, signs of weathering and erosion, encrustations, obvious losses, natural imperfections including fissures and age cracks, nicks, chips, scratches.Weight: 79.1 kg (incl. stand) Dimensions: Size 61 x 41.5 cm (excl. stand), 70 x 47.5 cm (incl. stand)With an associated metal stand. (2)The Northern Wei dynasty was a period of political turbulence and profound social and cultural transformation. In this context, the messianic figure of Maitreya (Mile Pusa) was especially revered. Believed to descend to earth once the teachings of the historical Buddha had been forgotten, Maitreya would preach the dharma anew and inaugurate an era of peace. His popularity among Buddhist patrons inspired striking images in several distinctive poses. The best-known is the so-called 'pensive bodhisattva,' seated with the right leg crossed over the left knee, the right arm raised, and the fingers gently touching the cheek of a head tilted slightly in the same direction. Another important format shows Maitreya with both legs pendent, crossed at the ankles, and the head inclined slightly downward, as in the present lot. In this pose, the hand gestures vary, and the unusual anjali mudra displayed by the current stele—with the hands folded asymmetrically—appears to be unique.Representations of Maitreya with legs crossed at the ankles are generally dated to the late fifth or sixth century. By the later sixth century, the alternative pose with the left leg pendant and the right ankle resting on the left knee had become standard. This depiction of Maitreya is directly related to carvings at the Longmen caves, located outside the Northern Wei capital of Luoyang in Henan province. Sculptural activity at Longmen began shortly after 493 and continued until about 750. The same pendant-legs pose is also found in Mogao Cave 275 at Dunhuang, one of the earliest surviving Mogao caves, constructed earlier under the Northern Liang dynasty (397-439). Cave 275 predates Longmen by some fifty years. By the time the Northern Wei commenced work at Longmen, Dunhuang had already developed sophisticated cave shrines, and its role as a Silk Road hub meant that artists, monks, and patrons transmitted visual and doctrinal models eastward into the Northern Wei heartlands.The origins of Buddhist steles are traceable to two closely connected historical developments—both documented at the cave temple sites of Yungang and Longmen during the last decades of the fifth century: the rise of Buddhist devotional societies and the first adaptation of the stone tablet form for Buddhist use (see D. C. Wong, Chinese Steles, Pre-Buddhist and Buddhist Use of a Symbolic Form, Honolulu, 2004, p. 43). Steles played a crucial role in the development of regional religious art and the rapid dissemination of Buddhism in Northern Wei China. In Mahayana thought, the production of images of the Buddha was regarded as an act of merit benefiting both patron and artisan. Groups of lay devotees often pooled resources to commission stone steles such as the present example. The representation of a central Buddha flanked by two attendants or bodhisattvas became a hallmark of Northern Wei devotional art, reflecting interpretations of Mahayana teachings and scriptural sources such as the Lotus Sutra, which circulated widely in China by the sixth century.Literature comparison:Compare a related Northern Wei limestone stele with a Buddhist triad, dated to the 6th century, in the Nezu Museum, Minato, Japan.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's New York, 16 September 2008, lot 207Price: USD 116,500 or approx. EUR 148,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: A very rare limestone Buddhist stele, Northern Wei dynastyExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and similar subject and material. Note the smaller size (45.1 cm). Note also that the central figure is misidentified as Buddha Shakaymuni at the top of the Sotheby's description, and later as “bodhisattva Maitreya, depicted seated with ankles crossed and flanked by two guardian lions […] inspired by carvings found in the Longmen caves.”

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