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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 第一天——精美的亚洲艺术、佛教与印度教 > Lot 0187
AN 18K GOLD PECTORAL, PROBABLY TAXILA, INDO-GREEK RULE, HELLENISTIC PERIOD
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2025年10月16日 开拍
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AN 18K GOLD PECTORAL, PROBABLY TAXILA, INDO-GREEK RULE, HELLENISTIC PERIODAncient region of Gandhara, circa 2nd-1st century BC. Of crescent form, finely constructed from a hammered gold sheet and terminating in loop-cord attachments, suspending eight gold-sheet beads decorated with bees to the bottom.The pectoral itself is decorated with a banquet scene with a seated figure enjoying a glass of wine poured by a scantily clad attendant, two further female attendants flanking the couple on either side, all framed by foliate scrolls and foliage. Provenance: The collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Dr. István Zelnik, President of the Hungarian South and Southeast Asian Research Institute, is a former high-ranking Hungarian diplomat who spent several decades in Southeast Asia, building the largest known private collection of Asian art in Europe.Condition: Good condition with expected ancient wear, casting irregularities, signs of burial, soil encrustations. Possibly minor additions and/or replacements. Light scratches, small tears, some warping and minute losses, minor dings.Alloy composition range: 77.7% gold, 16.91% silver, 3.98% copper, 1.03% iron, 0.37% zinc. The lot was tested by the Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum.Weight: 34.9 gDimensions: Length 16.5 cm, Height 12.5 cm'Melissa', the Greek word for bee, derived from the epithet meilichios, has been used by poets to describe the gentleness of nature and by philosophers to name everything that is pure and virgin. See a similar Greek gold ring adorned with a bee, dated to the 3rd century BC, in the J. Paul Getty Museum, object number 85.AM.278. Several other rings and gems with this design have survived; they may have been a sort of souvenir from the Sanctuary of Artemis at Ephesos, whose cult enjoyed a wide popularity and had a connection with bees. The insects appear on many surviving reproductions of the cult statue of Artemis of Ephesos, and other representations of bees have been found in the sanctuary.Established during the Vedic period, Old Taxila was for a time the capital city of ancient Gandhara. It was situated on the eastern shore of the Indus River—the pivotal junction of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia. The first major settlement at Taxila, in Hathial mound, was established around 1000 BC. Archaeological excavations show that the city may have grown significantly during the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC. Taxila was sometimes ruled as part of the Gandhara kingdom (whose capital was Pushkalavati), particularly after the Achaemenid period, but Taxila sometimes formed its own independent district or city-state.During his invasion of the Indus Valley, Alexander the Great was able to gain control of Taxila in 326 BC without a battle, as the city was surrendered by its ruler, King Omphis. Greek historians accompanying Alexander described Taxila as wealthy, prosperous, and well governed. Arrian writes that Alexander was welcomed by the citizens of the city, and he offered sacrifices and celebrated a gymnastic and equestrian contest there.Under the reign of Ashoka the Great, Emperor of the Maurya dynasty, the city was made a great seat of Buddhist learning, though it was home to a minor rebellion during this time. Taxila was founded in a strategic location along the ancient "Royal Highway" that connected the Mauryan capital at Pataliputra in Bihar, with ancient Peshawar, Puskalavati, and onwards towards Central Asia via Kashmir, Bactria, and Kapisa. Taxila thus changed hands many times over the centuries, with many empires vying for its control.In the 2nd century BC, Taxila was annexed by the Indo-Greek kingdom of Bactria. The Indo-Greeks established a new capital, Sirkap, on the opposite bank of the river. During this period of Bactrian Greek rule, several dynasties, including that of Antialcidas, likely governed from the city. During intervals of weakened Greek control, Taxila thrived independently, overseeing local trade guilds that also minted much of the city's autonomous coinage. The present lot dates from this period.Literature comparison:Compare a related later gilt bronze pectoral depicting Buddha and bodhisattvas, found presumably in the Salt Range in Pakistan, with a hoard containing 17 silver coins of the Hun king Mihirakula, dated 6th century AD, illustrated by Osmund Bopearachchi, A Pectoral Depicting Buddhas and Bodhisattvas from Greater Gandhara, Ancient West & East, vol. 17, 2018, p. 232, fig. 1. Also compare a related gold necklace and girdle, each found in Sirkap, Taxila, and dated 1st century BC, in the National Museum, New Delhi, accession numbers 49.262/7 and 49.262/14.Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Zacke, Vienna, 10 April 2025, lot 177Price: EUR 26,000: An 18k gold pectoral, Taxila, Indo-Greek rule, Hellenistic periodExpert remark: Compare the related form and modeling. Note the size (24 cm).

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