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AN 18K GOLD PECTORAL, TAXILA, INDO-GREEK RULE, HELLENISTIC PERIOD
奥地利
04月10日 下午5点 开拍
拍品描述
Ancient region of Gandhara, circa 1st - 2nd century BC. The pectoral is formed of hammered sheets hinged together and terminating in tiger heads and loops, applied with loop-cord attachments to suspend turquoise and coral beaded charms with gold leaves. The crescent arc centered by a female goddess flanked by a man taming a tiger. The pectoral further embellished with gemstone cabochons. Provenance: The collection of The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Dr. Istvan Zelnik, President of the Hungarian South and Southeast Asian Research Institute, is a former high-ranking Hungarian diplomat who spent several decades in Southeast Asia, building the largest known private collection of Asian art in Europe.Condition: Good condition with expected wear commensurate with age, manufacturing irregularities, encrustations, light scratches, and minor dents.Alloy composition range: 78.44% gold, 19.58% silver, 1.97% copper. The lot was tested by the Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum.Weight: 135 gDimensions: Length 24 cmEstablished during the Vedic period, Old Taxila was for a time the capital city of ancient Gandhara. It was situated on the eastern shore of the Indus River—the pivotal junction of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia. The first major settlement at Taxila, in Hathial mound, was established around 1000 BC. Archaeological excavations show that the city may have grown significantly during the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC. Taxila was sometimes ruled as part of the Gandhara kingdom (whose capital was Pushkalavati), particularly after the Achaemenid period, but Taxila sometimes formed its own independent district or city-state.During his invasion of the Indus Valley, Alexander the Great was able to gain control of Taxila in 326 BC without a battle, as the city was surrendered by its ruler, King Omphis. Greek historians accompanying Alexander described Taxila as wealthy, prosperous, and well governed. Arrian writes that Alexander was welcomed by the citizens of the city, and he offered sacrifices and celebrated a gymnastic and equestrian contest there.Under the reign of Ashoka the Great, Emperor of the Maurya dynasty, the city was made a great seat of Buddhist learning, though it was home to a minor rebellion during this time. Taxila was founded in a strategic location along the ancient "Royal Highway" that connected the Mauryan capital at Pataliputra in Bihar, with ancient Peshawar, Puskalavati, and onwards towards Central Asia via Kashmir, Bactria, and Kapisa. Taxila thus changed hands many times over the centuries, with many empires vying for its control.In the 2nd century BC, Taxila was annexed by the Indo-Greek kingdom of Bactria. The Indo-Greeks established a new capital, Sirkap, on the opposite bank of the river. During this period of Bactrian Greek rule, several dynasties, including that of Antialcidas, likely governed from the city. During intervals of weakened Greek control, Taxila thrived independently, overseeing local trade guilds that also minted much of the city's autonomous coinage. The present lot dates from this period.Literature comparison:Compare a related gold necklace and girdle, each found in Sirkap, Taxila, and dated 1st century BC, in the National Museum, New Delhi, accession numbers 49.262/7 and 49.262/14.

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拍品估价:10,000 - 20,000 欧元 起拍价格:10,000 欧元  买家佣金: 35.00%

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