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国内拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术-节日拍卖 > Lot 423
A RARE AND IMPORTANT BRONZE FIGURE OF A CROWNED BUDDHA, THAILAND OR BURMA, 13TH CENTURY
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2024年12月17日 开拍
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A RARE AND IMPORTANT BRONZE FIGURE OF A CROWNED BUDDHA, THAILAND OR BURMA, 13TH CENTURY

Finely cast standing in samapada, the crowned figure dressed in a sanghati draped over both shoulders with flaring sides, the pectoral embellished with beaded and scrolling adornments. The serene face with downcast eyes under incised brows, full lips forming a gentle smile, flanked by ears with large foliate earrings and curling ribbons, the hair arranged in a tiered chignon over a domed ushinisha and surmounted by a lotus bud, all backed by foliate tiara with a lappet rim.

Provenance: From a German private collection.
Condition: Good condition with minor wear and casting irregularities. Obvious losses, nicks, scratches, fissures, encrustations, and signs of weathering and erosion. The bronze with a naturally grown dark patina with extensive malachite encrustations.

Weight: 9,953 g (incl. stand)
Dimensions: Height 53 cm (excl. stand), 58.8 cm (incl. stand)

With an associated metal stand. (2)

Buddhism was established in Myanmar around the middle of the first millennium, brought there by monks and traders from India. During this period Lower Myanmar was under the Mon people, while Upper Myanmar was ruled by the Pyu. At the beginning of the second millennium these two major ethnic groups were overrun by Bamar-speaking peoples who, under the leadership of King Anawrahta, unified the two regions and established their capital overlooking the Irrawaddy River at Pagan in the eleventh century. In this ethnically diverse and cosmopolitan hub, guided by the precepts of Theravada Buddhism and enriched by territorial expansion and trade, a frenzied building program was undertaken which resulted in the construction of over two thousand brick temples, stupas, and monasteries. Ornamented by painters, sculptors and architects with murals and images in stone, stucco and wood, the art of Pagan forged a unique and distinctive aesthetic which created the basis for succeeding styles of Burmese art.

The crowned and bejeweled Buddha image, adopted by the present sculpture, represents a deviation from the orthodox art tradition in which the Buddha is depicted without ornament. Many explanations have been given for its origin and meaning. Buddha as a Chakravartin or Universal Monarch, clad in humble monk’s robes yet anointed with precious ornaments and crown, is very likely connected to the trikaya doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism. Such images are first encountered within the Pala period, (8th-12th centuries), spreading vastly throughout Southeast Asia, China, and the Himalayas.

Another deviation, inspired by the Pala school, is found in Arakan culture. Ethnically Tibeto-Burmese, Arakan culture occupies a unique position within Buddhist Asia, whereby Tibeto-Chinese Mahayana and Vajrayana imagery was borrowed to create Theravada images. In Myanmar (Burma), the image is known as Jambhupati Buddha, and became widespread during Arakan's Ava period (1364-1555). Here the image of the Crowned Buddha is associated with a legend wherein an arrogant ruler named Jambhupati is humbled and converted by the Buddha. Jambhuphati intimidated the monarchs of neighboring states and in order to quell his hubris, Shakyamuni transformed himself into a mighty king, with splendid crown, jewelry, and palace.

Further, the present lot is remarkable in its resemblance to standing bronze figures of Buddha made at Kurkihar in Eastern India during the Pala period (see Bonhams, 3 October 2017, lot 16). His richly decorated three-leaf crown and its inward-tilting leaves are indicative of a later date during the Pala period. Generally speaking, the crown design of the period becomes more complex through time. For instance, most of the crowns in early Pala consist of three simple leaves, but by the 11th-12th century, decorative elements resembling flower branches were added between the crown leaves, such as in the case of the present sculpture. The flat ribbons falling behind his ears curl upwards are also typical of Pala style of the 11th-12th century.

The Pala style strongly influenced Burmese art of Pagan. See a Pagan wood figure of a Crowned Buddha, Burma, 12th-14th century, with similarly large pectoral decoration to the present lot, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.84.183. The short-necked yet sinuous, elongated form with crisp elegant lines, as seen in the present lot, was a hallmark of the mature Pagan style. The present figure firmly establishes the influences of Pala, Kurkihar, Pagan, and Arakan cultures in a unique synthesis.

Literature comparison:
Compare the closely related bust of a crowned and adorned Buddha, Burma, 1201-1300, 31.5 cm high, in the Art Institute Chicago, accession number 2016.105.

Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 17 September 1999, lot 253
Price: USD 85,000 or approx. EUR 147,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: An important bronze figure of a crowned Buddha, Thailand or Burma, 13th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject with similar modeling. Note the size (54.7 cm).

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拍品估价：1,500 - 3,000 欧元 起拍价格：1,500 欧元  买家佣金： 35.00%

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