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A CLOISONNÉ ENAMEL LUDUAN-FORM CENSER AND COVER, 17TH-18TH CENTURY
奥地利
2024年10月18日 开拍
拍品描述
A CLOISONNé ENAMEL LUDUAN-FORM CENSER AND COVER, 17TH-18TH CENTURY

China. The sturdy beast is superbly cast standing foursquare, the rotund body is finely enameled in bright blue with lines of gilt wire interspersed with butterflies and foliate blossoms, the mane to the chest and sides is delineated with a floral diaper, and dark spirals part the center, down the spine. The removable head is modelled with bulging eyes and a snout-like nose, mouth agape revealing a tongue between sets of sharp teeth below floppy ears and a single horn. The claws and pads of the paws are gilt.

Provenance: An old private collection in Germany. Lempertz, Cologne, 15-16 June 1989, lot 184 (here dated to the 19th century). A noted German private collection, acquired from the above, and thence by descent in the family.
Condition: In good condition with old wear and manufacturing irregularities, small dents, pits, abrasions, and light scratches. Flaking and small losses to enamels with associated minor old fills and touchups, as expected from this kind of ware.

Weight: 435.1 g
Dimensions: Height 13.5 cm

The throne of the Emperor of China in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing has two incense burners shaped as luduan, the legendary auspicious creatures who can travel 18,000 li (9,000 km) in a single day and speak all world languages. A legend says that a luduan once appeared to Genghis Khan and convinced him to abandon his efforts to conquer India.

Luduan are mythical creatures
with strong lion bodies, a single horn and the paws of a bear. They are believed to have the ability to foretell the future, give life to the good, and kill the evil. According to legend, they were originally known as ‘jiaoduan’, and their name changed to ‘luduan’ because the character for ‘lu’ matched their appearance better. Known as guardians of enlightened rulers, luduan were said to appear in areas where a wise and virtuous leader was present.

The auspicious nature of luduan
was particularly appropriate for the purpose of these censers. Cast with hinged or removable heads, they were made for burning incense and smoke would emerge from the beast’s mouth, animating and empowering the sculpture. As Chuimei Ho and Bennet Bronson note in their discussion of a pair of Qianlong cloisonné enamel examples from the Palace Museum, Beijing, included in the exhibition ‘Splendors of China's Forbidden City, The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong’ by The Field Museum, Chicago, 2004, these burners were traditionally valued at the Imperial court, as with their open mouths and smoke billowing forth, they were a reminder to the Emperor that he should always be receptive to honest advice (see page 37).

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Christie’s Hong Kong, 30 May 2023, lot 3110
Price: HKD 567,000 or approx. EUR 66,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A cloisonné enamel luduan-form censer, Kangxi period
Expert remark: Compare the closely related form and decoration. Note the similar size (16.3 cm).

Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 29 May 2023, lot 345
Price: HKD 179,200 or approx. EUR 21,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A cloisonné enamel ‘luduan’ incense burner and cover, mid-Qing dynasty
Expert remark: Compare the related form and decoration. Note the different size (20.4 cm).

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